Influence of Emotions Included in Autobiographical Memories on Motivation

本研究旨在探讨过去成就的自传体记忆如何通过情绪影响现在动机。自传体记忆的内容是经历过的东西。因此，本研究的目的是弄清以自传体记忆形式表达的过去具体经验与现在动机之间的关系。首先，我们专注于自传体记忆中的女大学生的体育。第二，比较自传体记忆在运动中的两组成年人：一组属于社会体育协会和另一组由护士谁很少参加体育。第三，自传体记忆与英语学习动机之间的关系研究发现，参加体育活动的成年人对近年来发生的事件的记忆要比学生时代的多，而其他被试对学生时代发生的事件的记忆要多。在英语学习中，我们发现了大量与校外意外事件相关的自传体记忆，其中涉及的事件被分为六类：成功经历、积极人际关系和流畅体验为积极体验，失败经历、消极人际关系和伤害与危险体验为消极体验。大部分的正面经验之后是正面情绪，而大部分的负面经验之后是负面情绪。进一步的积极体验导致当前的高动机，然而，消极体验并不总是导致低动机。

The purpose of this study is to examine how autobiographical memories for the past achievements influence on motivation at present through emotions. The contents of autobiographical memories are something to have experienced. Accordingly, we aim at making clear the relation between the past concrete experiences expressed as autobiographical memories and present motivation.Three studies were conducted using questionnaire method. First, we focused on autobiographical memories in sport among woman students. Second, the comparison of autobiographical memories in sport was explored between two groups of adults : one group belonging to social sports associations and the other group consisting of nurses who rarely participate in sport. Third, the relation between autobiographical memories and motivation for English learning was investigated.Adults who were doing somewhat sport remembered more events in recent years than those in their school days while the other participants described those happened in their school days. With regard to English learning, we found a lot of autobiographical memories relevant to the events happened outside school unexpectedly.Events involved in autobiographical memories were classified into six categories : successful experiences, positive interpersonal relations and flow experiences as positive experiences, and failure experiences, negative interpersonal relations and injury and dangerous experiences as negative experiences. Most of positive experiences were followed by positive emotions whereas most of negatives by negative ones. Further positive experiences led to high motivation at present, however, negative ones did not always cause low motivation.