A PRACTICAL STUDY OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION ON CHILDHOOD TO JUVENILE

本研究的目的是探讨儿童早期至少年期自我实现的获得机制，并从发展的角度探讨与这些机制相关的因素之间的关系。研究一以Dodge模型为基础，探讨了幼儿自我实现与社会信息加工能力的关系。自我实现水平高的被试在反应选择步骤上的反应更多。在研究2中，无论自我实现水平如何，儿童都是稳定的，被用来调查他们在幼儿园活动中可能出现的特征。年龄较大的儿童的自我实现水平在学年结束时有上升的趋势。此外，那些在高水平稳定的人表现出更好的适应社会行为，而那些在低水平稳定的人在玩和听故事时表现出专注。研究三考察了大学生自我实现与心理健康的关系。对马斯洛的自我实现项目进行因子分析。结果发现，大学生的自我实现分为人性因素1和自发性因素2，并根据这两个因素的水平分为四种类型。研究四考察了65岁以上老年人的自我实现结构，以了解老年人的自我实现过程。研究五将新的自我实现量表（ROSY）翻译成日文，并将其与日本的自我实现量表进行比较。在此基础上，本研究进一步探讨了自我实现训练方案的设计。

The purposes of this study were to investigate the mechanisms of self-actualization acquisition from early childhood to juvenile period, and to developmentally discuss the relationships among factors relating to the mechanisms. In study 1, the relationship between self-actualization of younger children and their social information processing ability based on Dodge's model was discussed. Those who showed high-level self-actualization made more responses on response selection step. In study 2, children who were stable regardless of self-actualization level, were used to investigate the possible characteristics seen in their activities at kindergarten. The level of self-actualization among older children tended to rise toward school year end. Moreover, those who were stable at higher-level showed more well-adjusted social behavior and those stables at lower level showed concentration while playing and listening to stories. In study 3, relationship between self-actualization and mental health among undergraduate students was investigated. Factor analysis was conducted to Maslow's self-actualization items. As a result, Factor-1 of humanity and Factor-2 of spontaneity-flexibility were found. Also, four types of self-actualization were found according to the levels of two factors. In study 4, the structures of self-actualization among elders (age above 65 years) were investigated to make their self-actualization process clear. As a result, eight aspects of self-actualization were found. In study 5, another new self-actualization scale (ROSY) was translated into Japanese. Based on the above-mentioned results, further studies are being done to work out self-actualization training programs.