A Study on Communication Structure of Maternal Teasing Games and Their Infants' Developmental Term Hard to Express Laughter.

妈妈们经常用逗弄的游戏来逗宝宝在日常生活中发笑。在这个项目中，研究了两个问题。首先，为什么这些游戏可以成功地唤起婴儿的笑声？因为他们在进行元沟通？第二，有没有一个术语，即使母亲的游戏能有效地唤起婴儿的笑声，但婴儿的笑声却被抑制了？然后，在第一年的后半年，婴儿对母亲行为的笑声反应的频率被观察到的“视频日记”，母亲在家里自己录制他们的互动给婴儿。20个母子二人组纵向参与了从6个月到12个月和15个月的儿童年龄。从收集的录像带，五秒的时间段（5sts），包括儿童的笑声或痛苦的确定。然后将基点前后的4 ~ 5个时间序列定义为一个事件。结果表明，在6个月龄时，婴儿的笑频率随着年龄的增长而降低， ...更多信息 9个月后，焦虑反应明显下降，合作反应逐渐上升。因此，这8个月的困扰被解释为表明，需要重新协调的母子互动，因为儿童的能力，表达任性的意图的快速发展。作为数据分析的下一阶段，母子二人组被分为协调和不协调组，根据儿童的笑声和痛苦的比例，母亲的情感表达和假装。然后，对两组儿童在笑或苦恼前母亲的行为模式进行比较。结果表明，母亲在CG更经常使用的行动，使波动从字面上假装，反之亦然，比母亲在UG，而不是字面上的常数。这一发现表明，母亲的戏弄游戏可以使婴儿笑，因为他们没有重新解释通过“Meta”的沟通，而是因为他们是这样一个波动模式。少

Mothers often employ teasing games to make their babies laugh in every-day situations. In this project, two questions were studied. First, why those games can evoke laughter from babies successfully? Because they are engaging in meta-communication? Second, is there any term where babies' laughter is suppressed even though mothers' games are effective to evoke them? Then, frequency of babies' laughter reacting to the maternal actions during the later half of the first year was observed by the "video-diary" that mothers video-taped their interactions to the babies at home by themselves. Twenty mother-child dyads participated longitudinally from children's age of month 6 to 12, and 15. From collected videotapes, five-second-time-segments (5sts) including children's laughter or distresses were identified. Then a time-sequence of 4 5sts before and after the base-points were defined as one episode. Results showed a developmental change that frequent laughter at 6 month of age was decreased i … More n the next month, and distress was sharply increased at 8 month, but after 9 month, it was decreased and co-operating reactions were rising. Therefore, this 8-month-distress was interpreted as suggesting that needs of re-coordination of mother-child interaction because of rapid development in children's ability to express willful intentions. As the next stage of data-analysis, mother-child dyads were classified into Coordinated or Uncoordinated Groups by the proportion of children's laughter and distress, and mothers' emotional expressions and pretending. Then, mothers' action patterns antecedent of children's laugh or distress were compared between the groups. Results showed that mothers in CG more often used actions making fluctuation from literal to pretending, or vice versa, than mothers in UG, who rather acted literally in constant. This finding suggests that maternal teasing games can make infants laugh because they are not re-interpreted through "meta" -communication, but because they are consisted of such a fluctuation pattern. Less