Comprehensive Study on Waterside Space and Facilities of Jiannan Market Towns in the Early Modern China

本研究旨在全面了解近代江南水乡（集镇）的总体特征、历史背景及其发展。为此，我们研究和分析了城镇设施的形成和安排，如运河，街道，城墙，城门，水门，桥梁，码头，广场，建筑物，宗教建筑和警卫站。本文选取了两个在地理条件、历史背景、城镇功能等方面具有典型性和对比性的江南城市--苏州和嘉定作为研究对象。本文从两个城市的共同因素和独特因素出发，分析了两个城市滨水城镇的形成和发展过程，并结合中国特有的环境理论--风水理论，对滨水城镇，特别是嘉定滨水城镇的空间布局和设施安排进行了研究。他的研究第一次阐明了风水理论在没有山的江南水乡以何种形式体现出来。寺地发展了一种理论，认为江南水乡的繁荣归功于他们在集镇之间实行自由交通，同时为居民提供安全和保护。寺作为维持城镇开放、自由交通和防御性之间平衡与和谐的手段，关注了滨水城镇中修建在运河入口处的石制拱桥和巽（滨水守卫站），并研究和考察了其形状、类型、活动和历史背景。

The purpose of this study is to have comprehensive understanding of general characteristics, historical background and development of waterside towns (market towns) in Jiangnan area in the early modern period of China. For this purpose we studied and analyzed the formation and arrangements of town facilities such as canals, streets, town walls, town gates, water gates, bridges, docks, squares, buildings, religious buildings, and guard stations. Two cities in Jiangnan, Shuzhou and Jiading are selected for this study because of their typical and contrasting characteristics in geographical conditions, historical background and functions as a town. The formation and processes of development of these towns are studied and analyzed paying attention to common and peculiar factors between the two cities.Lu examined the spatial layout and arrangements of facilities in waterside towns, particularly of Jiading, in relation with an environmental theory peculiar to China, theory of fengshui. His study is the first to elucidate in what form the theory of fengshui was materialized in waterside towns in Jiangnan that have no mountains.Teraji developed a theory that the prosperity of waterside towns in Jiangnan was attributed to their practice of free traffic between market towns, while providing safety and protection to the residents. As the means to maintain balance and harmony between the open, free traffics and defensiveness for the towns, Teraji paid attention to stone-made arch bridges and Xun (waterside guard station) built at the entrance to a canal in the waterside towns and studied and examined the shapes, types, activities and the background of the historical background.