The study on restoration of ancient ceramic materials and techniques.

本研究的对象是弄清古代陶瓷材料和工艺。在古代陶器的制作中，有许多不同的制作工艺，如粘土原料的选择、填料的使用、粘土的水洗、烧成条件等。通过对陶泥和填料的岩石学和化学分析，可以清楚地了解基于这几个制造过程的不同现象。从这些分析的结果中得出以下几点。采用岩石学方法对群马地区萨鲁塔二窑遗址和红欧窑址出土的陶质哈尼瓦进行了产地鉴定，发现两个遗址的哈尼瓦泥浆上各有不同种类的砂粒。对陶器中加入填充物的对象进行了分析：石川县马瓦基遗址和长野县川田遗址的绳纹陶器，香川县的弥生陶器和阿吉陶器。Nakama-Nisiitubo遗址II(1999年)、Kamobe-Kawata遗址II(2000年)和Nisiyasuda-Nagano遗址发掘报告(2000年)报告了这些结果。用电子探针分析了中国四黑寨遗址出土的考古头陶器的黑色成分与烧制方法的关系。结果表明，黑色来源于炭质材料，并在烧成条件下的还原过程中产生。

The object of this study is make clear of ancient ceramic materials and techniques. On the ancient pottery production there are many different kinds of manufacturing processes, for example, selection of clay materials, using of filler, water elutriation of clay, firing conditions and so on. It is able to make clear the different phenomena based on these several manufacturing processes, by petrological and chemical analysis of the pottery paste and filler. Following some points were derived from the results by these analysis.1. Provenance determination of pottery - Haniwa from Saruta II kiln site and Hongou kiln site in Gunma prefecture were analysed by petrological method, and it became clear that on the paste of Haniwa from two sites there were different kinds of sand with each other.2. The object of mixing the filler to pottery - The pottery from following sites were analysed : Jomon pottery from Mawaki site in Isikawa prefecture and from Kawarada site in Nagano prefecture, and Yayoi pottery and Haji-ware in Kagawa Prefecture. These results were reported on Nakama-Nisiitubo site II (1999), Kamobe-Kawata site II (2000) and Report on Excavation of Nisiyasuda-Nagano site(2000).3. Relation on the firing method and the color of pottery - The component on black color of Kokutou pottery from Siheizan site in China was analysed by EPMA method. As a result, it became clear that the black color originated in the carbonaceous material, and in the reducing process on firing condition.