Theoretical Study and Investigation into the Actual Conditions about the Roles of Non-profit Intermediate Organizations in the Welfare Society

本研究试图从“经济社会”即“社会经济”的角度考察一种近期的社会经济状况。特别是对后福利国家下的非营利部门进行研究，分析了由社区企业、福利合作社、社会服务合作社、非营利组织、协会等组成的第三部门，通过对其进行研究，得出结论：欧洲国家基于社会经济概念的各种尝试为思考近期的社会经济体系提供了重要线索。特别是对西欧和北美非营利组织组成的社区企业、协会和社会合作社的实际情况的研究或调查，尤其是对西欧和北美的社区企业和福利合作社、法国和德国的工人合作社、意大利的社会合作社、西班牙的SAL(员工持股企业)等的研究或调查是必不可少的。从实践上讲，国际博协(英国)、奈茨(德国)、CGSCOP(法国)、LEGA(意大利)、Mongon and Coceta(西班牙)、美国工人合作社联合会等都应作为本研究的研究对象。本课题组认为，有必要首先分析20世纪90年代欧洲国家基于社区(社区福利)的社会服务，然后与北美和日本的情况进行比较。

This research project is trying to investigate a socio-economic state in the near future in view of 'Economie Sociale', that is, the Social Economy. Especially, it is the object of this project to study the non-profit sector under the post Welfare State, with analyzing 'the Third Sector' that consists of community businesses, welfare co-operatives, social-service co-operatives, NPOs, associations and so on.As a result of carrying out some research into it, this project comes to the conclusion that many kinds of attempts based on the concept of the social economy in European countries give important clues to thinking about the socio-economic system in the near future. In particular, it is indispensable to grasp and understand the researches or investigation into the actual conditions about the non-profit sector consisting of community businesses, associations and social co-operatives in Western Europe ancl NPOs in North America.It is important to research on community businesses and welfare co-operatives in Britain, workers' co-operatives in France ancl Germany, social co-operatives in Italy, SAL (employees' stock ownership enterprises) in Spain and so on. Practically, ICOM (Britain), NETZ (Germany), CGSCOP (France), LEGA (Italy), Mondragon and COCETA (Spain), American Federation of Workers' Co-operatives and so forth should be taken up as the subject of this study from now on.This project team concludes that it is essential to analyze, first of all, social service based on a community (community-welfare) in European countries in 1990s, then, to compare it with North American and Japanese conditions.