Communal Space and Norms of Environment Preservation in villages in Okinawa, History and Prospects of Reconstruction

摘要本研究旨在探讨冲绳乡村公共空间与环境保护规范。从环境的角度来看，冲绳村落可分为燕巴鲁型、石灰岩高原型和上升珊瑚礁型3种类型。石灰岩高原型村落经历了毁灭性的战争破坏和重建时期以及快速的城市化进程。因此，这种类型被认为是考虑当代问题的适当调查主题。通过对二战前冲绳战役前村落状态的记录分析，发现了一种原型，即村落内部有公共空间，北侧有小山丘。根据冲绳社区规则《村井浩》的记载，确认了环境保护规范作为社区规则的存在。村社拥有公共场所，这是冲绳县历史特殊性的结果之一。公共场所作为村落的重要属性，另一方面也存在着与社区构成变化相适应的问题。作为乡村重要环境要素的小绿地在战后逐渐减少。通过对某村庄的详细个案研究，发现村落的减少有其复杂的历史细节背景，即村落公共空间和神圣区域的军队哨所状况、冲绳战役期间村落遭到的致命破坏以及战后重建过程。考虑到环境保护规范的重构，确认了公共空间再生和社区改造的重要性。

Purpose of research is to investigate on communal space and norms of environment preservation in villages of Okinawa.From viewpoint of environment villages in Okinawa can be divided into 3 types, Yanbaru type, Limestone plateau type and Risen coral reef type. Limestone plateau type villages have undergone fatal war damage and reconstruction period and rapid urbanization. Therefore this type is considered as an appropriate subject of investigation for the purpose of consideration on contemporary problems.Through analysis of records on state of villages before the W.W.II, battle of Okinawa, an prototype is distinguished, which has common spaces inside villages and small hills on northern side. According to the records of "Muranai-ho", community rules in Okinawan community, existence of norms of environment preservation as community rules is confirmed.Village communities owns common places, which is one of the result of historical particulars of Okinawa prefecture. Common places as properties are important elements of villages, on the other hand there are problems to correspond to changing composition of community.Small green zones which are important environmental elements of village are decreasing gradually after the War. According to case study in detail of an village, the decreases have background of complicated historical particulars of villages, which is the state of army post in village common space and sacred areas, fatal destruction of village during the battle of Okinawa and reconstruction process after the War.Considering the reconstruction of norms of environment preservation, importance of regeneration of common space and reform of community is confirmed.