STUDY ON CHINESE RURAL PEOPLES CONMMUNE --THE PROCESS OF ITS FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT, COLLAPSE--

通过对中国农村人民公社历史进程的系统研究，我得到了以下几点认识。人民公社制度是由“备战制度”和“从社会主义到共产主义的过渡型”所建构的“战时通讯制度”，建立在“自主恢复、不间断发展”基础上的“制度地方经济领域”与经济学理论并不一致。通过对人民公社的组织化、管理化、再生产结构的分析，明确了人民公社灭亡的必然性。人民公社灭亡后，农业由农民家庭承包经营转向农民家庭承包经营。农业和农村工业的中国特色是土地和工业资产由地方社区共同所有，私人承包经营人，村民委员会由男人…。在共同资产的基础上，更多地成为当地社区的老年人。因此，村民委员会和地方官僚的自治权仍然很强，私人对社区的独立性受到限制，经营权和所有者没有分离，企业很难成为纯粹的商业实体。农户家庭承包经营具有过渡性、隐蔽性的特点，经营权难以确立，土地管理难以稳定，因此开始引入土地使用权流转，其过程中最关键的问题是土地使用权流转是否限制在共有土地的村内。同样的问题是，股份合作公司的股份流通范围在农村有限，欠不欠该公司。人民公社垮台后，开始组织村民自治制度。但由于共有的土地所有制和乡镇企业的存在，村民自治具有封闭性和社区性，村民自治向民主地方自治转变的可能性很小。较少

I have got following knowledges by my systematic study on the historical process of Rural Peoples-Commune in China.1. The system of Peoples-Commune was "a system of wartime cmmunism" constructed by "a system of preparation for war" and "a transitoinal type from socialism to communism"."The sphere of systematic local economy" on the basis of "independently rehabilitation and untirely inustry" had not consistency with economic theory. I cleared the necessity of its fall of Peoples-Commune by my analitical examination on the oganization and management, structre of reproduction of Peoples-Commune.2. After the fall of Peoples-Commune farming had moved to manage contracting system by farmers family and "She due qi ye(****)" has moved to "Xiang zhen qi ye(****)".The Chinese charakteristic features of farming and rural industry are local community has been common ownershp of land and industrial asset, and private people have been contracting managers of them, villagers committee has been a man … More ager of local community on the basis of common assets. So the reguration power of villagers committee and local bureaucrat are still strong, the independence of a private person from community has been limited , the management and ownereshp has'nt separated, enterprises are hard to be pure business entitles.3. Manage contracting system by farmers family has a transitioal obscure features and its management right is hard to establish, land management is hard to be stable.So conversion of the land use right to share holdig began to be introduced, the most critical point of its process is whether the sphare of circulation of land use right is limited in the village owing common land or not.4. The same problem is the sphare of circulation of stocks of stock coopertive company is limitted in the village owing that company or not.5. After the fall of Peoples-Commune, it began to organise the system of villagers self-government. But because of commom ownership land and rural enterprises, villagers self-government is closing and communitikal, and the possibility for the glowth to democratical local self-government is small. Less