THE STUDY OF RISK ASSESSMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS USING IMMUNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN AGING ANIMALS WITH LUNG DISEASES.

到目前为止，大多数动物研究和临床研究都是在正常健康的动物和受试者身上进行的，但是越来越多的证据表明，婴儿、老年人和既往存在肺部疾病的受试者比正常健康的受试者更容易受到环境污染物的影响。易感组老年受试者的适应能力、恢复能力、防御能力和储备力均下降，这将调节肺部对吸入有毒物质的易感性。因此，必须从肺毒性和免疫反应两方面对环境产品的毒性进行评估。本项目采用多种免疫标志物进行风险评估，研究衰老和调节对正常和动物急性细支气管炎的影响及毒性。免疫标记物受年龄的影响，因此在进行环境毒性产品风险评估时，需要同时使用幼龄和老年动物的免疫标记物。通过吸入氯化镍构建小鼠和大鼠急性细支气管炎模型是可能的。然而，同样浓度的氯化镍很难在急性细支气管炎动物中诱导类似的肺部病变。此外，该模型还受年龄的影响。吸入氯化镍对细胞免疫和体液免疫的一些免疫标志物均有影响。在暴露于环境污染物（如臭氧、关东壤土粉尘和含钒气溶胶）的急性支气管炎动物中，不仅要评估炎症标志物，还要评估与局部和全身免疫有关的免疫反应标志物。

Thus far, most animal researches and clinical studies have been on normal healthy animals and subjects, However, there are increasing evidences that infants, aged, and subjects with preexisting pulmonary diseases are more susceptible to the environmental polltutants than in the normal healthy subjects. The aged subjects in the susceptible group showed decreasing ability in adaptation, restoration, defense abilities and reserve force, it will regulate the susceptibility of the lung to inhaled toxic products. Therefore, the toxicity of environmental products must be evaluated with respect to both lung toxicity and immue responses. This project was conducted for the risk assessment using various immunological markers to study the effects of aging and modulation and toxicity in normal and animal with acute bronchiolitis.1. Immunological markers were influenced by aging, therefore it required using immunological markers for both young and aged animals when the risk assessment of environmental toxic products was conducted.2. It is possible to construct a model for acute bronchiolitis by inhalation of nickel chloride in mice as well as in rats. However, it is difficult to inducc similar lung lesion in animals with acute bronchiolitis with the same concentration of nickel chloride. Additionally, this model was also influenced by aging.3. The inhalation of nickel chloride effects some immunological markers for both the cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity.4. It is important to evaluate not only the markers for inflammation but also the markers for immune responses with respect to local and systemic immunity in animals with acute bronchilolitis exposed to environmental pollutants i.e. ozone, Kanto loam dust and vanadium aerosol.