ANALYSIS ON ECOLOGICAL AND GENETIC DIVERSITY EVOLVED UNDER CULTIVATED ENVIRONMENT IN GENUS ECHINOCHLOA

对主要采自中国云贵高原的藜属植物材料进行了遗传多样性和形态多样性分析，以了解其对作物的驯化和对农田专家的模拟杂草等适应过程。同工酶和随机扩增多态性DNA分析清楚地表明了生物种的同源性(E.crus-Galli-E.esculenta复合体、E.oryzicola复合体、E.colum-E.ruumentacea复合体)，这与cpDNA上TrnT-L-F基因的非编码区序列测定相支持。标本研究、实验农场的形态评价和大量材料的DNA分析表明，DNA变异(序列和RAPD)依赖于距离的多样性，E.crus-Galli复合体中E.esculenta等驯化性状的分布较广，栽培E.oryzola的驯化性状分布较窄。一水硬铝石具有类似杂草的特化特征和不破碎的习性，在E.crus-Galli复合体和E.oryzicola复合体中平行演化。两种植物均存在苗期模拟现象。在传统分类上被认为是持久型E.oryzicola中，叶鞘衣领上的穗状毛和耳状毛尤为明显。在水田、旱田、水田和旱田的复合体中均未发现一水硬铝石的破碎。因为这种分析还提供了对生物物种和种下分类群的识别，以及关于分子鉴定技术的信息。对模式标本的进一步研究将提供正确的命名名和其他定名，这将解决该属的分类混乱。本项目的最终报告包括16个图表、5个表格、8个图版和正文。

Genetic and morphological diversity was analyzed on the Echinochloa materials mainly collected from Yungui Highlands in China including species from global area in order to understand the process of adaptation such as domestication to crops and mimic weeds to specialists in cultivated fields. Isozymic and RAPD analyses indicated clearly the identity of biological species (E.crus-galli-E.esculenta complex, E.oryzicola complex, E.colonum-E.frumentacea complex), which was supported by the sequencing of non-coding region of trnT-L-F genes on cpDNA.Herbarium study, morphological evaluation at experimental farm and DNA analyses on a lot of accessions revealed the distance-dependent diversification of DNA variation (both in sequence and RAPDs), the wider distribution of domesticated traits as E.esculenta in E.crus-galli complex and the narrow distribution of domesticated traits as cultivated E.oryzicola. Specialization as weeds was found as mimic features and non-shattering habit of diaspore, which evolved as parallel in E.crus-galli complex and E.oryzicola complex. Seedling stage mimic was found in both species. Panicle mimic and auricle-like hairs on the collar of leaf sheath was particularly in E.oryzicola, which was conventionally treated as E.persistentia taxonomically. Non-shattering of diaspore was found in both complexes in the paddy fields, rainfed and irrigated paddies, and upland fields. Since this analyses also provide recognition of biological species and infraspecific taxa, and information on molecular identification technique. Further investigation on type specimen will provide delimitation of correct nomenclature name and others, which will solve the taxonomic confusion of this genus Echinochloa. The final report of this project includes 16 figures, 5 tables, 8 plates and text.