Adjustment to spousal bereavement and successful aging

这项研究的目的是证明这一假设，即在丧失亲人的头几年里，成功的衰老是由恢复过程预测的。研究对象为184名中老年人，平均年龄70.9岁，离别时间8个月。第二次访谈在第一次访谈后一年进行，第二次访谈在第一次访谈后一年进行，第三次访谈在第一次访谈15年后进行，分别对51名受访者进行多元Logistic回归分析和多元回归分析。成功老龄化指标(健康、心理健康和心理活跃度)为可靠变量，丧亲恢复指标(抑郁转化和孤独量表)为自变量，首次访谈抑郁水平是预测第二次访谈疾病和死亡的显著因素，而第三次访谈则不是如此。此外，在第三次访谈中，孤独感被发现是预测心理健康和福利的重要因素。当第二次面试的孤独感水平比第一次面试时更高时，发现第三次面试有患病和死亡的风险。如果丧亲后的孤独感水平增加或保持在较高水平，则第三次访谈期间的心理健康状况较差。另一方面，随着孤独感的降低，第三次面试的幸福感更高。我们的结论是，丧亲后孤独感的变化是暗示成功衰老过程的关键因素。

The objective of this study was to prove the hypothesis that successful aging was predicted by the recovering process during the first few years of bereavement. Interview study was held three times in sixteen years after bereavement, for which subject was 184 middle and old aged people : average age was 70.9 and the time since the separation was 8 months. The second interviews with 136 interviewees were held one year after, and the third interviews with 51 interviewees were held 15 years after the first interviews respectively.We conducted multiple logistic regression analysis and multiple regression analysis. Indices for successful aging (wholesomeness, mental health and psychological liveliness scale)were the dependable variables, and the indices for bereavement recovery (transformation of depression and loneliness scale) was the independent variables.Results showed that the depression level at the first interview was a significant factor to predict the sickness and death at the second interview, however such was not the case at the third interview. Furthermore, loneliness was found to be an important factor when predicting mental health and welfare at the third interview. When the level of loneliness increased by the second interview than at the first, it was revealed that there was a risk in sickness and death for the third interview. If the level of loneliness increased or remained high after bereavement, the mental health condition during the third interview was found to be poor. On the other hand, as loneliness decreased, welfare during the third interview became higher. We concluded that a change in loneliness after bereavement was the key factor in suggesting the process of successful aging.