Non-Western Concepts on Cleanliness, Hygiene and Health in Transition

本研究旨在探讨在非西方社会，特别是在国际公共卫生发展的背景下，清洁，卫生，健康和身体的概念不断变化。这包括两个步骤：（1）考察西方和非西方社会公共卫生的社会和文化史;以及（2）对我们的研究成员迄今为止所研究的非西方社会中的问题进行历史和人种学描述。在1999-2000年，我们研究了几个主题，例如欧洲自来水厂的社会文化影响，公共卫生的制度化和宗教信仰的世俗化，公共卫生和不断变化的疾病话语，基督教的使命和清洁和卫生的概念等。在2000-2001年，我们试图描述斯里兰卡，南印度，印度尼西亚和太平洋岛屿的社会文化历史和民族志帐户。此外，本文还对公共卫生发展与经济发展的相关理论和方法进行了探讨，特别是对行动者网络理论和方法在公共卫生发展与经济发展分析中的应用进行了探讨，得出了以下结论：尽管我们获得了一些有趣的发现，但由于数据和资源的缺乏，我们的讨论还不够充分。这是因为这项研究并没有旨在为进一步的信息进行实地研究。因此，我们意识到有必要重新组织这项研究与基金的实地工作在未来。

This research aimed to examine the changing concepts of cleanliness, hygiene, health and body in non-Western societies, especially in the context of international public health development. This consisted of two steps : (1)examining social and cultural history of public health in Western as well as non-Western societies ; and(2)constructing historical and ethnographic descriptions on the matter in non-Western societies that our members of the research have studied so far.In 1999-2000, we examined several topics such as socio-cultural effects of waterworks in Europe, the institutionalization of public health and secularization of religiosity, public health and changing discourses of illness, Christian missions and the concepts of cleanliness and hygiene and so on.In 2000-2001, we tried to describe socio-cultural histories and ethnographic accounts on Sri Lanka, South India, Indonesia and the Pacific Islands. In addition, we discussed on some theoretical and methodological elaborations, especially on actor-network theory/methodology in analyzing public health development as well as economic development.We then concluded that although we obtained some interesting findings, our discussion seemed rather insufficient due to the lack of data and resources. This is because that this research did not aimed for field research for further information. We hence realized the necessity to reorganize this research with the fund for fieldwork in future.