A Studies of the English Romantics as Proto-Ecologists

本研究主要在以下四个方面取得了预期的成果：(1)验证了“生态批评”作为一种文学/文化理论的有效性；(2)生态批评家将英国浪漫主义者视为原始生态学家的观点的有效性的确定；(3)考察英国浪漫主义自然意识的时代性和普遍性；(4)从生态批评的角度重新评价英国浪漫主义作品，看英国浪漫主义对现代读者的意义。目前的研究使我为《绿色与生命的文学》（2001年以“midorito inochi -no- bungaku”的名字出版）这本书写了一章关于华兹华斯的文章，以及三本专著，两本关于华兹华斯，一本关于济慈。这本书讨论了华兹华斯、d·h·劳伦斯、梭罗和杰弗斯作品中所代表的“万物有灵论”或“泛神论”的主题。关于华兹华斯的专著《华兹华斯与地方/景观的符号学》（2000年出版）和《华兹华斯、牧歌和生态学》（2002年出版）试图从生态批评的角度揭示英国浪漫主义者对“自然”的真实看法，而关于济慈的专著《诗人、医生和治疗者》（2001年出版），旨在阐明这样一个事实，即济慈的大部分主要诗歌都有一个共同的主题“治愈忧郁”，就像华兹华斯的《旅行》中的“纠正沮丧”一样。

The present research has obtained the expected results mainly in such four respects as: (1) the verification of the effectiveness of `ecocriticism` as a literary/cultural theory; (2) the determination of the validity of the ecocritics' view of the English Romantics as proto-ecologists; (3) the examination of both the contemporaneity and the universality of the English Romantics' sense of nature; and (4) the revaluation, from an ecocritical viewpoint, of the works of the English Romantics in terms of any significance that English Romanticism might still have for the modern reader.The present research has led to my writing a chapter on Wordsworth for the book, The Literature of Greenery and Life (published as "Midori-to-Inochi-no-Bungaku" in 2001) as well as three monographs, two on Wordsworth and one on Keats. The book treated of the subject of `animism` or `pantheism` as represented in the works of Wordsworth, D. H. Lawrence, Thoreau, and Jeffers. The monographs on Wordsworth, "Wordsworth and the Semiotics of Place/Landscape" (published in 2000) and "Wordsworth, Eclogue, and Ecology" (published in 2002), tried to throw light on the true picture of English Romantics' view of `nature` from an ecocritical viewpoint, whereas the monograph on Keats, "The Poet, the Physician, and the `Healer` " (published in 2001), aimed at elucidating the fact that most of Keats's major poems have as their common theme `melancholy healed` just like `despondency corrected` in Wordsworth's The Excursion.