Urban Economic Approach to the Evaluation of Zoning Ordinance

1.严格验证了最小地块面积划分和最小地块面积管制必然会降低缺席土地所有权下居民的福利，同时倾向于增加城市的总差别地租。在不指定效用函数的情况下，这一结论可以在更一般的设置下得到。基于简化的线性城市模型的数值模拟表明，公害区划通常会导致居民和土地所有者的福利之间的权衡。这种权衡总是在存在大规模集聚经济的情况下出现的，在这种经济中，更严格的分区对居民更有利。在现有居民福利最大化的可选区划下，现有居民和新居民因扩大产业经营区而产生的边际非效用价值之和恰好等于新居民增加的工资收入总额。

1. It was rigorously verified that both minimum lot size zoning and FAR regulation necessarily lower the welfare of residents under absentee land ownership while tending to increase the total differential land rent in a city. This conclusion can be shown for a more general setting, without specifying a utility function.2. The numerical simulation based on a simplified linear city model shows that nuisance zoning generally causes a trade-off between the welfare of residents and landowners. Such a trade-off always emerges in the presence of large agglomeration economics, where stricter zoning is more favorable to residents.3. Under the optional zoning to maximize the welfare of current residents the sum of the value of marginal disutility due to expanded industry-operation district for both current and new residents is just equal to the increased total wage income for new residents.