Theoretical Analysis of Environment and Foreign Direct Investment

本文的研究成果由两篇关于环境与外商直接投资的论文组成，第一篇论文（第一章）分析了环境对比较优势结构和贸易收益的影响。将环境定义为自然环境，我们假设发达国家对自然资源的私有产权得到充分的应用，而发展中国家对自然资源的使用则由公地统治。假设两国在除自然资源产权制度以外的所有方面都是相同的。主要结论是：（1）发展中国家在自然资源密集型产品上具有短期比较优势，但在长期内可能丧失这种优势;（2）发展中国家在短期内可能会因贸易而遭受损失。但从长远来看，她可能会从贸易中获益。用联邦调查局分析了一个小型开放经济中，当国内消费产生污染时，最优税收的结构。我们显示以下结果。在只有消费税的情况下，税收应等于国内消费的边际损害。在既有国内生产税又有进口关税的情况下，如果存在外国直接投资，生产税应高于进口关税，进口关税应等于边际损害。另一方面，在没有FDI的情况下，生产税和进口关税都应该等于边际损害。这一结果意味着，外国直接投资的存在发挥了重要作用，在最佳的税收和关税结构。

The results of this research are composed of two papers on environment and foreign direct investment (FDI).The first paper (chapter) analyzed how environment affects the structure of comparative advantages and gains from trade. Defining the environment as a natural environment, we assume that the private property rights on the natural resource are fully applied in a developed country, but the usage of the natural resource is ruled by commons in a developing country. Both countries are assumed to be identical in all respect other than the property right system on the natural resource. The main results pointed out that (1) the developing country has a comparative advantage in the natural resource intensive good in a short-run, but she may loose it in the long-run, and (2) the developing country may lose from trade in the short-run, but she may gain from trade in the long-run.The second paper (chapter) analyzed the structure of the optimal taxation in a small open economy with FBI where the domestic consumption emits pollution. We show the following results. In the case where only a consumption tax is available, the tax should be equal to the marginal damage of the domestic consumption. In the case where a domestic production tax and import tariff are available, the production tax should be higher than the import tariff and the import tariff should be equal to the marginal damage if there exist FDI. On the other hand, without FDI, both the production tax and import tariff should be equal to the marginal damage. This result implies that a presence of FDI plays an important role in the optimal tax and tariff structure.