Study on physical properties of materials related to the deterioration of stone monuments and brick buildings.

(1)研制了测定砖和砂浆保湿曲线和非饱和导水率的实验装置。用于历史砖建筑和古迹的砖和砂浆的保湿曲线和导水率。测试结果表明，在一定吸水量下，砂浆的含水率高于砖的含水率。砂浆的非饱和导水率高于砖。利用有限元软件，利用实测数据，计算了历史砖砌建筑和古迹的水情。这些研究发表在《保护科学》杂志38，39上，并在盐湖城举行的ASA会议上发表。(2)测量了历史遗迹中的石头、砖和压实土的物理性质，如粒度分布、孔尺寸分布和比表面积，并与材料的劣化有关。(3)研制了冻胀试验仪，以研究建筑材料的冻胀敏感性。实验结果表明，冰透镜分凝率与样品冻结区的温度梯度有关。提出了一种简便易行的材料霜冻敏感性评价方法。这一结果发表在《保护科学》杂志上，40。(4)研究了日本传统土墙的冻害机理。测定了复合土的冻结温度、持水曲线和冻胀特性。试验表明，表层比内层对冻害的敏感性较小，但如果含水率超过临界水平，劣化过程就会迅速进行。这些研究揭示了获取材料的物理性能以建立适当的对策来减少文化属性退化过程的重要性。

(1) Experimental apparatuses were developed to measure moisture retention curve and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of brick and mortar. The moisture retention curve and hydraulic conductivities of brick and mortar used for historical brick buildings and monuments. The measured results showed that the water content is higher for mortar than that for brick at a given water suction. The unsaturated hydraulic conductivity is higher for mortar than that for brick. The water regime of historical brick buildings and monuments was calculated with finite element method software using measured data. These study were published in Sciencefor Conservation 38,39 and reported at the ASA meeting in Salt Lake City.(2) Physical properties, such as grain size distribution, pore size distribution and specific surface area of stone, brick and compacted soil taken from historical sites were measured and related to the deterioration of the materials.(3) The frost heave test apparatus was developed to study the frost susceptibility of building materials. The experimental results showed the ice lens segregation rate is related to the temperature gradient in the frozen zone of the sample. A simple evaluation method of frost susceptibility of material was proposed. This result was published in Science for Conservation, 40.(4) Mechanism of frost deterioration of Japanese traditional earthen wall was studied. The freezing temperature, water retention curve and frost heave characteristic of composing soil were measured. The experiments showed that the surface layer was less frost susceptible than the inner layer, but if the water content exceeded a critical level, the deterioration process proceeded quickly. These studies revealed the importance of obtaining physical properties of materials to build up suitable counter measures for reducing deterioration process of cultural properties.