BIOORGANIC STUDIES ON BIOFUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS IN VEGETABLES FOR CHEMICAL BREEDING

这些流行病学预测表明，蔬菜和水果含有抗癌或抗肿瘤促进成分。因此，蔬菜中的生理功能成分可能是我们日常食物供应中低毒的化学预防药物的良好来源。本研究从菠菜、牛至、桑叶和西兰花中寻找到具有抗肿瘤和抗氧化作用的成分。研究结果如下：1.分离鉴定了两种含有不饱和脂肪酸的单半乳糖二酰甘油醇，并鉴定其为抗肿瘤活性成分。其活性与从药用植物中分离得到的活性成分基本相同。此外，不同品种和不同栽培条件下，其含量也存在显著差异。牛至中发现了三种被称为抗氧化活性的绿原酸衍生物。不同品种间的含量也不同。年轻的黄麻(Moroheiya)叶含有单半乳糖二酰甘油醇，其中含有不饱和脂肪酸和二萜植物酚，作为抗肿瘤促进成分。热水处理后有效成分含量增加，说明这些活性成分在烘烤过程中没有分解。从青花菜花蕾中分离得到两种单甘酯作为抗肿瘤促进剂。有趣的是，这些成分可能来源于人体分解代谢过程中的单半乳糖二酰甘油醇。这些结果表明，蔬菜中含有许多有益于健康的生物功能成分，其功能成分的含量在不同品种之间存在显著差异。

These epidemiological predictions suggest that vegetables and fruits contain anticancer or antitumor-promoting components. Thus the physiologically functional components in vegetables could be good sources of chemopreventive agents with low-toxicity available in our daily food supply. In this research project, antitumor promoting and antioxidating components were searched in spinach, burdock, moroheiya and broccoli. The results were shown below.1. Two kinds of monogalactosyldiacylgricerols having unsaturated fatty acids were isolated and identified as antitumor promoting components. The activity was almost the same with active components isolated from medicinal plants. In addition, the contents significantly varied among the cultivars and with culture conditions.2. Three chlorogenic acid derivatives known as antioxidating activity were identified in burdock. The contents also varied among the cultivars.3. Young jute (moroheiya) leaves were found to contain monogalactosyldiacylgricerols having unsaturated fatty acids and a diterpene, phytol, as antitumor promoting components. The contents increased after treatment with hot water, suggesting that these active components did not decompose during cocking.4. Two monoacylglycerides were isolated from flower buds of broccoli as antitumor promoters. These components could be interestingly derived from monogalactosyldiacylgricerols during catabolism in human body.These results indicate that vegetables contain many biofunctional components useful for keeping health well and that the contents of functional components significantly vary among the cultivars.