Physiological basis of the effect of warm-up exercise

热身运动对主要运动有以下影响：由于肌肉温度升高而产生的Q10效应，由于玻尔效应而促进肌肉中氧气的卸载，促进血液流向工作肌肉，以及神经适应进行运动。通过对摄氧量反应的估算，研究了热身运动对主要大强度运动的影响。首先，研究了酸中毒对摄氧量反应的影响，考察了以摇臂代替腿部自行车作为热身运动的效果。以腿部自行车为热身时，对主要大负荷运动的摄氧反应易化有显著的热身作用，而采用摇臂的方式时，热身效果不明显，提示大负荷运动对摄氧反应的易化不是单纯的乳酸酸中毒所致。其次，探讨血流量对反应的影响，在主运动时采用面部冷刺激来抑制流向工作肌肉的血流量，在主运动前对工作肌肉进行透热加温来代替热身运动来增加血流量。冷刺激和透热加温均不改变热身运动后主运动时的摄氧反应，提示大负荷运动时，肌肉血流的改变不足以促进摄氧反应。

The warm-up exercise induces following effects on the main exercise ; Q10 effectdue to increased muscle temperature, facilitation of oxygen unloading in muscle due to the Bohr effect, facilitation of blood flow to the working muscle, and neural adaptation to performing the exercise. We investigated the effect of warm-up exercise on the main heavy exercise, using the estimation of oxygen uptake response.First, investigating the effect of acidosis on oxygen uptake response, we examined the effect of substituting arm cranking for leg cycling as the warm-up exercise. There was a significant warm-up effect on facilitation of oxygen uptake response during main heavy exercise when we used leg cycling as the warm-up, but no effect when using arm-cranking, suggesting that the facilitation of the oxygen uptake response to heavy exercise is not due to solely the lactic acidosis. Second, investigating the effect of blood flow on the response, we applied facial cold stimulation during main exercise to depress the blood flow to the working muscle, and diathermic warming before main exercise on working muscle as substituting the warm-up exercise to increase the blood flow. Neither the cold stimulation nor the diathermic warming changed the oxygen uptake response during main exercise after the warm-up exercise, suggesting that alternation of blood flow to working muscle can not induce a sufficient effect to facilitate the oxygen uptake response during heavy exercise.