Regional disparity and its transformation observed by health condition of inhabitants

对日本和奥匈帝国（中欧）居民健康状况统计数据的分析表明以下几点。自19世纪后期以来，疾病的区域模式相对稳定，尽管在这些时期占主导地位的疾病类型发生了变化.居民健康状况呈现出中心-边缘的区域结构。在日本和中欧，居民的健康状况和社会经济特征之间的空间关系可以明显存在，尽管它们之间发生了各种各样的区域转变过程。这意味着居民的健康状况将作为一个社会指标，反映社会结构的地区差异.在此基础上，提出了疾病地理学的两个不同研究方向：作为疾病地理学传统研究主题的疾病生物生态学分析和作为社会指标的疾病空间分析。

The analysis of statistical data on health condition of inhabitants in Japan and Austro-Hungarian Empire (Central Europe) shows following points.1. Since the late 19th Century, regional patterns of diseases are relatively stable, although the dominant type of disease has been changed in these periods.2. Health condition of inhabitants seems to show a regional structure as central-periphery. In Japan and Central Europe, spatial relationship between health condition of inhabitants and socio-economic character can obviously exist, although various processes of regional transformation have taken place between them. It means that health condition of inhabitants will be used as a social indicator, which shows regional disparity of social structure.4. Based on these analyses on regional disparity of health condition, two distinct research fields for geography of disease are appealed : bio-ecological analysis of disease as traditional theme for geography of disease, and spatial analysis of disease as a social indicator.