Historical Geography among the San in the British Colonial Era

我的报告叙述了殖民时期游牧桑人和农村卡拉哈迪人之间各种社会经济关系的历史变化。调查结果表明，这种关系不仅限于山羊饲养，还包括野生西瓜和栽培西瓜的分享以及野生动物皮的交易。桑人和卡拉哈迪之间的各种复杂关系桑人和卡拉哈迪之间一直维持着像被称为“黑手党”的贷款牛这样的贷款山羊制度。野生西瓜在丰收的时候由桑人和卡拉哈迪人分享，桑人在丰收的时候从卡拉哈迪那里得到栽培西瓜。桑人还继续用野生动物的皮来交换卡拉哈迪的产品，因此，桑人和卡拉哈迪之间的关系不能简单地定义为庇护人-客户型或主人-农奴型关系。相反，他们根据桑人和卡拉哈迪人从事的活动类型而改变，这取决于奴隶的数量。桑人和卡拉哈迪之间关系的历史变化保护区的大部分地名都来自桑人，这一事实表明桑人是保护区的第一批定居者，而萨桑人和卡拉哈迪之间的关系后来在卡拉哈迪迁移到保护区时形成。从世纪末到1930年，卡拉哈迪酋长统治着Xade周围的大面积保护区。当他去世时，他的孩子和那些为他工作的人搬到了保护区的各个地方。这些运动对应于Silberbauer报告的保护区San分布的六个带。田中在1971年的调查显示，也有一些II加纳生活在Xade。他们被认为是从库穆丘鲁搬到了泽德

My report presents an account of the historical change in the various socioeconomic relationship between the nomadic San and the rural Kgalagadi in the colonial time. My survey results show that the relationship are not limited to goat-raising but also include the sharing of wild and cultivated watermelons and the trading of wild animal skins.The following points were clarified :1. Various complex relationships between the San and the KgalagadiThe loan-goat system like the loan-cattle called "mafisa" was continuously maintained between the San and the Kgalagadi. Wild watermelons were shared between the San and Kgalagadi in times of abundance, and the San received cultivated watermelons from Kgalagadi when ther was a good harvest. The San also continued to trade wild animal skins for products from Kgalagadi.Thus, the relationship between San and Kgalagadi can not be defined simply as patron-client-type or master-serf-type relationships. Rather, they changed according to the types of activities pursued by the San and Kgalagadi, which depended on the amount of rainfall.2. Historical changes in the relationship between San and KgalagadiThat fact that most of the place names in the Reserve are derived from San indicated that San were the first settlers in the Reserve and that relationship between tha San and Kgalagadi were later formed when Kgalagadi migrated to the Reserve.From the late nineteenth century until 1930, a Kgalagadi headman ruled over a large area of the Reserve around Xade. When he died, his children and those who worked for him moved to various parts of the Reserve. These movements correspond to the six bands of distribution of the San in the Reserve reported by Silberbauer. Tanaka's survey in 1971 revealed that there were also some II Gana living in Xade., who were thought to have moved to Xade from Kumuchuru.