Dipolar Interacting Systems: Quantum Thermalization and Turbulence

我们建议使用两个互补的实验超冷气体装置与强磁性镝（Dy）和铬（Cr）原子，探索的一般规律的动力学的远程相互作用封闭的量子系统。在这两种情况下，我们将首先使系统脱离平衡，然后研究在偶极-偶极相互作用的影响下，在达到平衡的过程中发生的迷人过程。因此，我们的项目将允许从两个互补的角度研究量子热化。首先，我们的Dy实验将是一个连续的极化流体在定制的几何形状，和热化的量子湍流尾流将被研究。其次，我们的Cr实验实现了晶格自旋模型，其中热化通过自旋纠缠发生。这种合作将首先受益于强大的技术协同作用：这些小组将在彼此的专业知识基础上同时进行类似的实验开发。它们将提高稳定和可控的偶极量子气体的产量，外部磁场的稳定性和成像的分辨率。他们将开发新的探测方案来测量空间和动量分布，相关性和自旋纠缠，以及基于光的协议来设计哈密顿量并进行激发。 这些改进旨在克服探测和相干控制中的重要瓶颈，以表征涌现的量子特性。有了这些工具，我们将能够探索长程系统中量子热化的基本方面，与本征态热化假设密切相关。首先，我们将调整气体的几何形状，这是已知的远程相互作用系统的关键影响，并研究热化，同时改变系统的对称性和初始总能量。 其次，我们将改变基本的平衡相，并研究热化与空间无序（超流体）或有序（莫特绝缘体或超固体）相。我们的目标是得到一般的规则连接的量子热化的远程相互作用系统，其基本的阶段和相变。通过这种方式，我们希望这个项目是一个重大的一步，在一个研究领域，几乎没有涉及实验。

We propose to use two complementary experimental ultracold gas setups with strongly magnetic dysprosium (Dy) and chromium (Cr) atoms to explore the general laws governing the dynamics of a long-range interacting closed quantum system. In both cases, we will first bring the system out of equilibrium and then study the fascinating processes that take place on the way to equilibrium under the influence of dipole-dipole interactions. Our project will thus allow the study of quantum thermalization from two complementary perspectives. First, our Dy experiment will be a continuous polarized fluid in tailored geometries, and thermalization in the wake of quantum turbulence will be studied. Second, our Cr experiment realizes a lattice spin model in which thermalization occurs through spin entanglement. This collaboration will benefit firstly from strong technical synergies: the groups will work simultaneously on similar experimental developments, building on each other's expertise. They will improve their production of stable and controllable dipolar quantum gases, the stability of the external magnetic field and the resolution of their imaging. They will develop novel probing schemes to measure spatial and momentum distributions, correlations, and spin entanglement as well as light-based protocols to engineer the Hamiltonian and perform excitations. These improvements aim to overcome important bottlenecks in detection and coherent control to characterize emergent quantum properties. With these tools at our disposal, we will be able to explore fundamental aspects of quantum thermalization in long-range systems, in close relation to the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis. First, we will tune the gas geometry, which is known to have a key influence on long-range interacting systems, and study thermalization while changing both the system symmetries and the initial total energy. Secondly, we will vary the underlying equilibrium phases, and study thermalization with respect to either spatially disordered (superfluid) or ordered (Mott insulator or supersolid) phases. Our aim is to derive general rules linking the quantum thermalization of long-range interacting systems to their underlying phases and phase transitions. In this way, we expect this project to be a major step forward in an area of research that has barely been touched upon experimentally.