The Basic Study of Lipids Remained on Ancient Pottery

为了从古陶器上残留的脂类来研究古人的生活方式和生活环境，分析结果的可靠性至关重要。因此，我们收集、分析和讨论了不同环境下脂类在陶器模型上的吸附随时间变化的基本数据。1999年和2000年，研究重点是脂肪酸(FA)和甘油三酯，2001年，研究了甾醇。这些已知成分的脂质被附着在陶器模型上，并被放置在空气、密封管、土壤和水中(2001年)，最长可达1650天。每隔一定时间恢复血脂，监测血脂变化。从这些结果中我们发现，随着时间的推移，脂质会迁移到陶器的内部，并被困在陶器的基质中。因此，从2000年开始，从陶器的表面和内部都回收了脂类。在最后一年(2002年)，从柔门…中提取了类脂结果：(1)甘油三酯(TG)随时间缓慢分解为FA。(2)FA组成在所有条件下都发生了变化。(3)陶瓷深层吸附的TG能较好地保持其组成，尤其是在密封管或水中保存(155天)。(4)在所有条件下(45天)，拟甾醇(菜籽醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇)与动物胆固醇的比值在可接受的误差范围内保持恒定。(5)从绳纹陶器提取物中检出了甾醇，但由于其量很少，因此开发了有效的方法来降解甾醇酯，使可检出的甾醇含量显著增加。(6)在绳纹陶器中检出胆固醇、菜籽醇、豆甾醇、β-谷甾醇。深碗内、外陶提取物的吡甾醇/胆固醇比值不同，可能是由于烹调过程所致，而浅盘中的比例相近，供较少食用。

In order to investigate the life style and environment of ancient people from lipids remained on ancient pottery, the reliability of analytical results is crucial. Accordingly, we have collected, analyzed and discussed the basic data on how lipids, adsorbed on pottery models, changed with time under various environments. In 1999 and 2000, the research was focused on fatty acids (FA) and glyerides, and in 2001, sterols were studied. These lipids of known composition were adhered to the pottery model and left in air, in sealed tube, buried in soil and in water (2001) for maximum of 1650 days. The lipids were recovered at certain time intervals and changes of lipids were monitored. From these results, we have found that lipids migrate to the inner part of the pottery with time and trapped within the matrix of the pottery. Therefore, from 2000 on, lipids were recovered from the surface as well as from inner portion of the pottery. In the final year (2002), lipids were extracted from Jomon … More pottery (Kastusaka type , and Kasori type E), and sterols were analysesResults: (1) Triglycerides (TG) were slowly decomposed to FA with time. (2) FA compositions changed under all conditions. (3) TG adsorbed deep inside the pottery maintained its composition relatively well especially if kept in the sealed tube or in water (155 days). (4) The ratio of pytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol) and animal cholesterol remained constant within acceptable error under all conditions (45days). (5) Sterols were detected from the extract of Jomon pottery, but since amount was very small, the efficient method to hydrolyze sterol esters was developed, and detectable sterols were increased significantly. (6) Cholesterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol were detected from Jomon pottery. The ratio of pytosterol/cholesterol differed between extracts from inner and outer pottery of deep dish, probably caused by cooking process, but the ratio was similar for shallow dish used for serving Less