The development of portfolio systems for getting children's ideas obvious and reappearing their thinking process

本研究是对证券投资组合系统的一次尝试。以下是投资组合可以包括的一般类型内容的标题；流程样本、正在进行的工作、产品样本、教师观察、评估数据和家长评论。此外，教师可以考虑许多不同类型的作品集。最常见的包括工作组合、展示组合和记录保存组合。在本研究中，Portfolio是一个容器，它包含了个体的学习状态、思维过程、产品状态、反思思维状态、元认知状态等证据。通过使用作品集，许多学生能够反思他们所学到的知识，并尝试挑战新的学习主题。此外，当教师制定使用作品集的计划时，学生积极使用作品集，并在需要时开始评估自己和他人。此外，参与该项目的教师能够详细评估学生的实际理解状态。为了使人类的判断比单纯的意见更值得信赖，它们必须建立在清晰表达的基础上。评分标准是一套既定的标准，用于对学生的作品集进行评分或评级。标题的使用改变了评估方式，从面向结果的评估转变为面向过程的评估。一个简单的标题就能很清楚地表达你所期望的成就标准。它还可以帮助学生评估他们如何提高自己的表现。最后，我们可以通过档案袋评估来评估学生的科学思维方式和科学能力。但是，为了充分利用投资组合评估的结果，我们在日常程序的应用中遇到了很多困难。

This research is an attempt to develop the system of portfolio. The following is a heading of the general types of contents a portfolio can include ; process samples, works in progress, product samples, teacher observations, assessment data, and parent comments. Also, there are many different types of portforios that teachers can consider. The most common include the working portfolio, the showcase portfolio, and the record-keeping portfolio.In this research, Portfolio is a container that holds evidence of an individual's state of learning, thinking process, products, refrective thinking, meta-cognition, etc. Using portfolios, many students were able to reflect on what they have learned and tried to challenge the new theme of learning. Also, when teacher made plans of using portfolios, students used portfolio actively and became to assess themselves and others as the need arises. Furthermore, teachers who engaged in this project were able to assess their students' actual state of understanding in detail.For human judgements to be considered something more trustworthy than mere opinion, they must be based on clearly articulateds. A rubric is an established set of criteria used for scoring or rating students' portfolios. The use of a rubric changed the way of assessment from result-oriented assessment to process-oriented assessment. A simple rubric communicate quite clearly what standard of achievement is desired. And it also helps students to assess how they might improve their performance.Finally, we could assess students' way of scientific thinking and their ability to science by portfolio assessment. But, we have many troubles with application of daily programs for full use of results of portfolio assessment.