Comparative Agrarian Study on Agriculture, Environment and Sustainability of Community

本研究的一个中心目的是为农业和农业科学的比较研究建立一个新的框架。本文运用“多样性”和“多样性”两个概念来研究农业的比较。同时意味着欧盟的每一个农业，非洲和日本被纳入当代世界经济，相互关联.另一方面，历史、生态和社会背景使许多农业多样化。多样性是比较世界农业和土地制度的第二个维度，我们指出了农业、环境和地方社区关系的三种不同类型。第一个可以在欧洲国家看到，如法国和德国。在法国，农业政策彻底改变了当地的社会结构。我们确认了新的农业政策，以更加强调环境方面和当地社区的持久性。在德国，地方政策有着悠久的传统。他们制定了一个新的社区计划，旨在实现可持续的城市发展和可持续的农村发展。第二个是非洲国家，如津巴布韦、南非和莫桑比克。我们发现经济全球化使这些国家的许多小农面临世界市场经济的冲击，指出“土地问题”在后殖民时代已经成为一个重要的问题，并有了新的含义。三是有机农业的可能性和扩展，它使农业、环境和当地社区之间形成了一种新的关系。

A central purpose of this study is to make a new framework for comparative studies of agricultures and agricultural sciences. We use two concepts such as "simultaneity" and "diversity" to study of comparison of agriculture. Simultaneity means each of agriculture in E.U., Africa and Japan is included in contemporaneous world wide economy and is related each other. On the other hand, the historical, ecological and social backgrounds make many of agricultures diversify. Diversity is the second dimension to compare agricultures and agrarian systems in the world.We pointed out three different types of the relationship of agriculture, environment and local community. The first one can be seen in European countries, such as France and Germany. In France, agricultural policies have transformed local social structures drastically. We confirm the new agricultural policies to lay more stress on environmental aspects and durability of local community. In Germany, the local policies have their long traditions. They make a new community plan which aims at sustainable urban development as well as sustainable rural development.The second one is seen in African countries, such as Zimbabwe, South Africa and Mozambique. We found economic globalization make many small farmers in these countries to face the world market economy.We pointed out "land problems" has been now important and a new meaning in the post colonial era. The third one is possibility and expansion of organic agriculture that makes a new relationship between agriculture, environment and local community.