The Study on the Nepalese Buddhist Homa

在这个项目中，我专注于一个名为Sahasrahutiyum的佛教密宗的Homa仪式，由尼瓦佛教牧师执行。这份报告包含梵文文本的文献学研究和实地工作。祭祀仪式包括两个部分，即，1。初步仪式Kalasarcanapuja和2.主仪式荷马。初步仪式包含三个仪式：（1）Gurumandalapuja，（2）Trisamadhi，（3）Kalasapuja。在（1）中，祭司画了一个称为Gurumandala的圆圈，他邀请金刚萨进入圆圈，并向神献上鲜花等。在（2）中，进行Cakrasamvaramandala的可视化和提供崇拜（puja）。在（3）中，牧师邀请霍马仪式的主神进入一个水罐（kalasa），并献上鲜花等，然后他试图与主神合一。主要仪式Homa由八个过程组成：（1）净化和点燃壁炉，（2）向火神Agni献祭，（3）向主神献祭，（4）巴厘岛献祭和圣地崇拜，（5）净化祭品（6）用祭品填充壁炉，（7）提供祭品的剩余部分，（8）送出神。在第一个过程中，牧师冥想Samayagni。在第二个过程中，他冥想Jnanagni。他在冥想中将Samayagni与Jnanagni结合起来。然后在第六个过程中，他把统一的神吸引到他的身体里。对神和曼荼罗的冥想使仪式更加庄严。各种各样的祭品被投入火中。在古印度的Srauta部落中，火的作用很重要。然而，在Newar Homa，祭品的特征非常重要。事实表明，尼瓦尔佛教的霍马受供神崇拜的影响很大。

In the project, I focused on a Homa ritual of the Buddhist Tantrism named Sahasrahutihoma performed by Newar Buddhist priests. This report contains the philological study of the Sanskrit text and the field work. The homa ritual consists of two parts, those are, 1. Preliminary rite Kalasarcanapuja and 2. Main rite Homa. The preliminary rite contains three rituals : (1) Gurumandalapuja, (2) Trisamadhi, (3) Kalasapuja. In (1), the priest draws a circle called Gurumandala, and he invites Vajrasattva into the circle and offers flowers etc. to the deity. In (2), the visualization of the Cakrasamvaramandala and offering worship (puja) are performed. In (3), the priest invites the main deity of the Homa ritual into a water-jar (kalasa) and offers flowers and so on. Then he tries to unify himself with the main deity. The main rite Homa consists of eight processes : (1) Purification and Lighting of the Fireplace, (2) Fire Offering to the Fire God Agni, (3) Fire Offering to the Main Deity, (4) Bali Offering and Worship of Holy Places, (5) Purification of Disciples (6) Filling the Fireplace with Offerings, (7) Offering the Remainders of Oblations, and (8) Sending forth the Gods. In the first process, the priest meditates upon the Samayagni. In the second process, he meditates upon the Jnanagni. And he unites the Samayagni with the Jnanagni in the meditation. Then in the sixth process, he draws the unified deity into his body. The meditation of the deity and the mandala sophisticates the ritual. Various kinds of offerings are put into the fire in the Homa. In the ancient Indian Srauta homa, the function of the fire was important. However, in the Newar Homa, characters of the offerings are very important. The fact shows that Newar Buddhist Homa was much influenced from the offering worship puja.