Self-control in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Choice bctween larger-vs.more immediate-smaller rewards.

在本研究项目中，我们试图开发一种应用Mazur的调整延迟程序来发现ADHD儿童的筛查方法。在一系列实验中，我们比较了师范生和ADHD儿童的数据。此外，我们在实验中发现，强化课程表的厌恶特性能够增强任务外行为和攻击性行为。为了评估增援计划的厌恶特性，我们进行了以下实验。以7名男大学生和1名女大学生为被试，考察了正强化和负强化对同时回避行为的影响差异。参与者按下一个按钮，在积极强化的混合VI EXT时间表上获得货币点数。在负强化中，他们可以推迟同一时间表上货币点数的周期性减少0。同时，他们可以逃脱或避免巨大的噪音，通过用锤子敲打木板按照Sidrnan避免时间表。测量回避反应和逃避反应的频率和大小。在负性强化组中，8名被试中有3名被试的回避和逃避反应多于正性强化组。2负性强化组的反应强于正性强化组。在回避反应的频率和大小方面，消极强化和积极强化没有差异。负性强化程序下回避和逃避反应的增加表明负性强化的情绪副作用。

In this research project, we tried to develop a screening method to find ADHD children applying Mazur's adjustment-delay procedure. In a series of experiments, we compared the data from normal university students and that of ADHD children. In addition, we found that the aversive properties of reinforcement schedule are able to enhance the off-task behavior and aggressive behavior in the experiments. To evaluate the aversive properties of reinforcement schedules, we conducted following experiment. The difference of the effect of positive and negative reinforcement on concurrent avoidance behavior was explored in 7 male and I female undergraduates. Participants pushed a button to get monetary points on a schedule of mixed VI EXT in the positive reinforcement. In the negative reinforcement, they could postpone periodic reduction0 of monetary points on the same schedule. Concurrently, they could escape or avoid a loud noise by striking the wooden plate with a hammer on Sidrnan avoidance schedule. The frequency and the magnitude of avoidance and escape response were measured. In the negative reinforcement, 3 of 8 participants showed a larger number of avoidance and escape responses than in the positive reinforcement. 2 participants showed stronger responses in the negative reinforcement than in the positive one. There was no difference between negative and positive reinforcement on measure of frequency and magnitude of avoidance responses. The increase of avoidance and escape responses under the negative reinforcement schedule indicates the emotional side effect of negative reinforcement.