The Social Construction of the "Problem" of Disclosure of Information in Modern Medicine

在本研究中，我们调查和检验了日本的医疗信息披露。1998年，厚生劳动省在日本医学协会的反对下，将《医疗记录公开法》提上日程。虽然该法案尚未诞生，但信息披露的潮流已经加强。我们向滋贺县的医生、护士和市民发放了问卷，并采访了其中一些人。结果，我们得到了一些发现；1)医生一方面接受患者公开病历的要求，另一方面对D-P关系的下降感到焦虑；2)护士似乎比医生更渴望维护患者的知情权，但由于希望制定完善的护理文件的压力很大，护士拒绝披露自己的记录；3)市民们认为他们需要医生给他们简单易懂的解释。他们仍然尊重医生的权威和专业。因此，我们建议最好是向每位患者分发医疗卡，而不是从现在开始等待他们的请求作为一种披露程序。

In this study, we survey and examine the disclosure of medical information in Japan. In 1998, the Ministry of Health and Welfare put the Act for Disclosure of Medical Documents on the table, which Japan Medical Association opposed. Although the Act wasn't born, the current of disclosure has been strengthened. We sent out questionnaires to doctors, nurses and citizens in Shiga Prefecture and interviewed some of them. As results, we got some findings ; 1)Doctors accept their patients' requests for the disclosure of medical records on the one hand but have anxiety for the declining of D-P relationships ; 2)Nurses seem more eagerly to defense the rights of their patients to know than Doctors, but they resist to disclosure of their record because they feel a lot of stresses originated from wishes to make perfect nursing documents ; 3)Citizens think that they need quite plain and intelligible explanation from their doctors. They still respect the authority and speciality of the doctor. As a consequence, we suggest that it's better to hand out medical cards to each patients than to wait for their requests from now forth as a procedure of disclosure.