Research on the Approach to Citizenship in French Rural Society of the Nineteenth Century

我们出版了《十九世纪法国乡村社会协会社会史》（Kindai Furansu Nouson no henboua - association no Syakai-shi），作为这个项目最重要的作品。这本书的目的是从社会史的角度来理解和描绘19世纪法国乡村所经历的各种社会变迁和文化适应。在这本书中，我们通过跟踪当时的志愿社团的产生和发展过程来探讨农村社会的现代化问题，特别是民主的建立问题。我们仍然有以下问题。首先，我们无法充分解释农村人是如何决定参加这样或那样的协会的。它涉及主题问题，或者更深刻地说，涉及集体心态问题。其次，必须明确法人协会（法人）的职能，才能更准确地认识农村公民权的特征。为了解决第二个问题，我们分析了欧热·涅·富尼·雷（社会主义者）和勒内·德拉·图尔杜·潘（保守派）的作品，作为20世纪初联系的主要论据。关于第一个问题，我们试图从波旁地区自学成才的农民作家埃米尔·吉约明的生活中得到启示。即使在这个项目之后，这两个问题也需要长期的研究。

We have published Kindai Furansu Nouson no Henbou-Association no Syakai-shi- (A Social History of Associations in French Rural Society of the Nineteenth Century) as the most important work of this project. The purpose of this book is to comprehend and depict the various social changes and acculturation that were experienced in French rural villages in the 19^<th> century from the perspective of social history. We discuss, in this book, the issue of the modernization of rural society, especially the establishment of democracy, by following the process of the emergence and development of voluntary associations at the time. And we have still left following questions. First, we couldn't explicate enough how rural people had decided to participate to some association or other. It concerns the problem of motif, or more profoundly the problem of collective mentality. Secondly, we must make clear the functions of corporative association (corporation) in order to understand more precisely characters of rural citizenship.To approach to the second question, we have analyzed works of Euge^^'ne Fournie^^'re (socialist) and Rene^^' de la Tour du Pin (conservative), as principal arguments of association at the beginning of 20^<th> Century. As for the first question, we have tried to get suggestions from the life of Emile Guillaumin, autodidact and peasant-writer in the Bourbonnais region. Both questions need long term research even after this project.