RESEARCH ON THE PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE DENOTATIONS OF GRAMMATICAL FUNCTIONS IN NATURAL LANGUAGE

每一种自然语言都有一种形态和/或句法方法来表示构成句子所表达的事件的实体和谓词的语法功能。因此，在任何情况下，发展语法功能表达的正式和通用方法对于语言学研究的基础是必不可少的，语言学研究的主要目的是阐明语言表达和理解过程的合理机制。本研究选取的语料库有高加索语、通古斯语、乌拉尔语、日耳曼语和日语。由于我们对这些种类繁多的语言进行了语言学分析，我们成功地详细研究了自然语言中的语法功能是如何表示的。对高加索语言的分析为我们提供了通过在谓语词干上添加各种功能语素来结合语言表示语法功能的方法。通过对乌拉尔语的分析，得到了一种描述事件中实体语义角色的通用方法。日耳曼语冠词的研究成果非常宝贵，因为冠词形式所表达的确定性有助于我们理解句子中名词的语义性质。通过对通古斯语和日语的分析，可以初步了解各功能语素在表达语法功能中的作用。

Every natural language has a morphological and/or syntactic means to denote grammatical functions of the entities and predicates constituting the events expressed by sentences. To develop formal and universal methods of expressions of grammatical functions in any event is thus indispensable for the foundations of linguistic research, the primary aim of which is to clarify the plausible mechanism of the procedures in language expression and understanding. The selected corpus of our research is Caucasian languages, Tungus languages, Uralic languages, Germanic languages and Japanese. As a result of our linguistics analysis of these sufficiently various languages, we have successfully made detailed investigations into how grammatical functions are denoted in natural languages.The analysis of Caucasian languages provides us with the way incorporating languages denote grammatical functions by way of adding a variety of functional morphemes to predicate stems. A universal method of describing semantic roles of entities in events has been obtained through the analysis of Uralic languages. The results of the studies of the articles in Germanic languages has been precious in that the definiteness expressed by these forms helps us to understand the semantic properties of nouns in sentences. The analysis of Tungus languages and Japanese has given a fundamental information about how each functional morpheme behaves in expressing grammatical functions.