REALIZATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF INDIGENOUS RIGHTS IN MODERN STATE --- A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE AINU AND THE NATIVE HAWAIIANS

这一研究项目的目的是寻求实现和落实日本土著人民权利的模式。这项研究的重点是夏威夷原住民，因为他们与阿伊努人有着显著的相似之处，夏威夷原住民从未被联邦政府正式承认为“印第安部落”，而针对部落的联邦法律也不适用于夏威夷原住民。基于这些理解，我调查了夏威夷原住民的宪法和法律的地位。我特别注意到美国最高法院于2000年2月作出的“赖斯诉卡耶塔诺”案的裁决，该裁决宣布，州法律限制夏威夷事务厅受托人选举只能由夏威夷土著人参加，这违反了保障投票权平等的《美国宪法》第十五修正案。我还研究了OHA为夏威夷土著人提供福利和改善的项目。调查的另一个主题是夏威夷土著人的宪法和法律的历史，因为他们目前的法律的制度深深植根于历史，作为研究的结果，相当清楚地表明，在国家政府没有正式承认土著人民为土著人民的情况下，在宪法上保障和实施土著人民的权利是可能的。

The purpose of this research project is to seek models for realization and implementation of rights of indigenous people in Japan. The study focused on the Native Hawaiians because they bear notable resemblance to the Ainu people in terms that the Native Hawaiians have never formally been recognized as "Indian tribe" by the federal government and the federal laws focusing to the tribes have not applied to the Native Hawaiians. Based on these understandings, I investigated the constitutional and legal status of the Native Hawaiians. I especially paid attention to Rice v. Cayetano decision, handed down by the United States Supreme Court in February 2000, which declared that the state law limiting the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA) trustee election to Native Hawaiians contravened the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution guaranteeing equality of voting rights. I also studied the programs operated by the OHA for welfare and betterment of native Hawaiians. Another theme of investigation was constitutional and legal history of Native Hawaiians since the present legal system for them rooted deeply in the history.As a result of the research, it became fairly clear that it is constitutionally possible to guarantee and to implement the rights of native people without the formal recognition as a indigenous people by the national government.