Spatial and temporal scale of cooperative motions in supercooled liquids

研究了超声诱导双折射在聚电解质和非聚电解质溶液中的作用。在non-polyelectrolyte。我们研究了聚苯乙烯（PS）、聚碳酸酯（PC）和聚丁二烯。(PBD)解决方案。我们还测量了聚电解质体系的超声吸收/光谱。在ps -甲苯溶液中，双折射信号被“无偏”和“偏”检测技术观察到。诱导了两种类型的双折射；一个是线性的，另一个是非线性的。PS和PBD溶液双折射符号为负，PS溶液双折射符号为正。对于聚合物链而言，其取向是合理的。聚合物主链的节段单元将垂直于声音传播。符号的不同反映了苯环与主链结构成键方式的不同。发现偏振率的各向异性与每段的双折射率呈线性关系。在分子量小于IxlO4时，双折射随分子量的增加而增加，但不存在分子量依赖性。当它大于IxlO4时观察到。聚苯乙烯磺酸钠（NaPSS）和聚乙烯磺酸四甲基铵（TMAPSS）水溶液的双折射比ps -甲苯溶液大。NaPSS和TMAPSS方案的双折射。这种差异可归因于钠离子的离子结合作用。对于TMAPSS溶液的超声吸收光谱，NaCl和TMAC1溶液的影响很小。超声诱导双折射更为灵敏。在加入盐的情况下，超声吸收对局部构象的变化有明显影响。

Ultrasonically induced birefringence was investigated in both polyelectrolyte and non-polyelectrolyte solutions. In non-polyelectrolyte.solutions, we investigated polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate, (PC) and polybutadiene. (PBD) solutions. We also measured ultrasonic absorption/ spectra in polyelectrolyte systems.In PS-toluene solutions, the birefringence signal was observed by the "nonbiased" and "biased" detection techniques. Two types of birefringence were induced ; one was due to linear and the other was due to nonlinear origins. The sign of birefringence of PS and PBD solution was negative but that of PS solutions was positive. It is reasonable that for the polymer chain, the orientation of the.segmental units of a main chain of the polymer will be perpendicular to the sound propagation. The difference in sign reflects the difference in the way of bonding of phenyl ring to the main chain structure. The linear relation was found between the segmental anisotropy of the polarizability and the birefringence per a segment.At molecular weight smaller than IxlO4, the birefringence increased with increasing molecular/weight but no molecular weight dependence was.observed when'it was larger than IxlO4.The birefringence of aqueous solutions of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (NaPSS) and tetramethyl ammonium polystrene sulfonate (TMAPSS) was larger than that of PS-toluene solutions. The.birefringence.of NaPSS and TMAPSS solutions. The difference can attributed to the ionbinding effect of the sodium ion.For the ultrasonic absorption spectra of TMAPSS solutions, the effect of NaCl and TMAC1 solutions was very small. Ultrasonically induced birefringence was more sensitive.to the change of the local conformation in the presence of the added salt that ultrasonic absorption was.