A Comparative Study of Policies for Diversification and Individualization of Secondary Schools

作为日本比较教育学会指定研究项目的一部分，我们在2003年6月举行的第39届日本比较教育学会年会上作了发言。我们举行了两次研究会议，一次是在2003年10月，另一次是在2004年3月，讨论发表最后报告和分享研究成果。我们在2004年3月发表了最后报告。本报告的提纲如下：调查员在文献调查和学校访问的基础上，对英国、法国、德国、美国、中国、韩国、泰国、马来西亚、菲律宾、澳大利亚和日本等国家的中学多样化和个别化政策和教育实践进行了报告，并根据这些报告进行了总结，进行了简要的比较分析。在所调查的国家中，中学多样化和个别化政策的共同要素可概括如下：1.在多样化和个别化的政策或措施中解决弱势群体所面临的问题。2.有一种趋势是强调提高“所有”学生的教育成绩或提高全系统的成就。3.为实施多样化和个别化的政策或措施提供支助网络在一些国家越来越被认为是有效的。有了这样的规定，对日本未来实施中学多元化和个别化非常有启发意义。

We made a presentation at the 39th annual conference of the Japan Comparative Education Society held in June 2003 as a part of the Society's designated research projects. We held two research meetings, one in October 2003 and the other in March 2004, to discuss publication of a final report and to share research results. We published the final report in March 2004. The outline of the report is as the following :Investigators took part in the project reported on policies of diversification and individualization of secondary schools and educational practices in countries investigated, i,e, England, France, Germany, the United States, China, Korea, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Australia and Japan, basing on literature surveyed and school visits.Basing on these reports the head investigator made a summary to make a brief comparative analysis. Common elements found in the policies of diversification and individualization of secondary schools in countries investigated can be summarized as the following :1.Addressing problems faced by disadvantaged groups in policies or measures of diversification and individualization can be found in several countries.2.There is a tendency to stress raising educational achievement of 'all' students or raising the system-wide achievement.3.Provision of support network for implementing policies or measures of diversification and individualization is increasingly regarded as effective in several countries. Having this kind of provision is very suggestive for the future implementation of diversification and individualization of secondary schools in Japan.