Neural learning process of voluntary movements depending on the degree of skilled moments.

本研究的目的是研究神经肌肉功能的学习过程依赖于熟练动作的程度。对特殊人群--残疾人和技术熟练的运动员--的自愿活动进行的研究，对我们理解神经运动系统的局限性有很大帮助。运动功能分为功能障碍组、日常生活活动功能障碍组和运动功能障碍组。功能障碍组：脊髓完全性损伤患者采用往复式步态矫形器进行1h训练，训练12周。与运动节律同步的肌电活动出现在鞋底肌肉中，但在早期训练阶段伴随着矫形步态的肌电活动很少。肌电波形的诱导调制可能归因于矫形步态运动模式的改变和/或由于矫形步态训练…而引起的脊髓运动神经网络神经元间活动的改变观察了运动训练对四肢瘫痪(C6-7)患者自主神经功能的影响。在ADL组中，通过记录H反射的电刺激和记录运动诱发电位(MEPs)的经颅磁刺激(TMS)，研究了运动学习对脊髓和大脑皮层水平的影响。观察训练后运动区共同驱动的调制和运动单位的同步化，从而获得有效的运动表现。体育活动组：记录羽毛球扣球时上肢肌肉的肌电活动。近端肌肉对用力速度和力量有贡献，而远端肌肉对扣球的时机和控制有贡献。扣球的训练效果先在近端肌肉中观察，然后在远端肌肉中发生。较少

The purpose of the present study was designed to investigate the learning process of neuro-muscular function depending on the degree of skilled movements. Research examining voluntary movements in exceptional populations - the disabled and skilled athletes - contributes significantly to our understanding of the limits of neural motor systems. The movements were classified into 3 groups (dysfunction, activities of daily living, and sporting activity).In group of dysfunction : Persons with complete spinal cord injury (SCI) performed 1-hour training with reciprocating gait orthosis for 12 weeks. EMG activities synchronized with locomotor rhythm appeared in the soles muscle, although very little EMG activity accompanied the orthotic gait at early training stage. The induced modulation in the EMG waveforms might attribute to changes in the orthotic gait movement pattern and/or changes in the interneuronal activities of the spinal locomotor neural networks as a result of orthotic gait traini … More ng.The effects of physical training on autonomic functions in persons with tetraplegia (C6-7) were observed. The untrained tetraplegics showed autonomic hyperreflexia during slight orthostatic challenges, while the trained tetraplegics showed a possible improvement in regulating their functions of autonomic nervous system.In group of ADL : The study examined the effects of motor learning on the spinal level and the cortical level by means of electrical stimuli for recording H-reflex and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for recording motor evoked potential (MEPs). Modulation of common drive from motor area and the synchronization of motor units after the training were observed resulting in efficient motor performance.In group of sporting activity : EMG activities were recorded from the muscles of upper limb during smash stroke in badminton games. Proximal muscles contributed to exerting speed and power, while distal muscles contributed to timing and control of smash stroke. Training effects of smash stroke were observed in proximal muscles at first, and afterward it occurred in distal muscles. Less