Syntax and LF Representation of Adjuncts

这项研究关注的是“附加语”的特殊句法和语义行为，这些行为在传统上被默认为“不是论元”。我们从词汇语义学和极简主义句法两个相互关联的角度提出了另一种理论观点，对附加语给予了更明确和恰当的处理。在词汇语义的视角下，Maruta提出了一种基于形态运算的类型转换分析，解释了结构中的相关交替。本文将分析扩展到两种类型的日语Tough结构，认为这两种结构具有两层主题域，它们之间通过一种称为连续谓词形成的类型转换操作相互关联，并提出在这两种结构中，形容词都充当经验者谓词，受域外论元的谓词谓词支配。类型转换操作的必要性被认为是从…的“可操作能力”出发的铃木对形容词和介词结果句中结果短语的选择限制进行了统一的分析，提出了在特定尺度上互补对立的概念，并提出了一个统一的分析方法。在考察wh短语和照应的句法行为的基础上，Tomizawa提出了采用派生模式而不是表征模式的证据，并从计算效率的角度提出了单一的特征固定的基本原则。这一原则不仅统一地解释了主语条件和附加语条件的影响，而且解释了为什么从A‘提升的wh短语中提取是可能的，而从外推短语或移位的宾语中提取是不可能的。较少

This research focuses on the peculiar syntactic and semantic behaviors of "adjuncts," which have been traditionally characterized in default as "not being arguments." We advance an alternative theoretical view from two interrelated perspectives, namely, lexical semantics and minimalist syntax, in which adjuncts are given more explicit and proper treatment.In a lexical semantic approach to the English tough-construction, Maruta presents a type shift analysis based on morphological operations, explaining the relevant alternation in the construction. The analysis is extended to the two types of Japanese tough-constructions, which are argued to have two-layered thematic domains mutually related via a type shift operation called successive predicate formation, and it is proposed that in both constructions the adjectives serve as experiencer predicates being predicated of the domain-external arguments. The necessity of the type shift operation is argued to follow from the "do-ability" of the … More things described.Identifying the fundamental function of the resultative construction as a description of idiosyncratic events with a significant transition on a unique scale, Suzuki proposes a unified analysis of selectional restrictions on the result phrases in both adjectival and prepositional resultatives, employing the notion of complementary opposition on a scale. It is also argued that the boundedness constraint on the construction can be derived from interacting requirements of event composition and complementary opposition.Based on examination of the syntactic behavior of wh-phrases and anaphors, Tomizawa presents evidence to adopt a "derivational model," in which various features are processed derivationally, instead of a "representational model," and proposes a single fundamental principle of feature fixation in terms of the computational efficiency. The principle not only gives a unified account to the effects of the Subject Condition and the Adjunct Condition, but also explains why extractions from A'-raised wh-phrases are possible while extractions out of extraposed phrases or shifted objects are not. Less