STUDY ON THE CLASSICAL LITERATURE AND FOLKTALE

在希腊和拉丁古典文学中，人们可以从民间故事和古老的传说中找到许多元素。特别是在讲述神话故事和包含大量民俗母题的史诗和悲剧中，古典作家不仅在孤立的情节和离题中吸收了这些元素，而且将民间故事的叙事形式和模式运用到其文学作品的基本结构和发展中。本研究运用文献学的方法，从史诗和悲剧的主要作品入手，对荷马史诗与现代口述史诗歌曲的比较研究，以及民间传说在荷马传记的形成和发展中所起的重要作用进行了探讨。最重要的是，我证明了俄狄浦斯传说的两个索弗克利版本是由他对“致命的孩子”的民间故事的深刻理解而创作的，我相信这一结果将被估计为对经典研究的重要原创贡献。

In the Greek and Latin classical literature one can find many elements taken from folktales and old legends. Especially in epic and tragedy, which narrate mythological stories and include many folkloric motifs, classical authors not only adopted these elements in isolated episodes and digressions, but also applied the narrative forms and patterns of folktales to the basic structure and development of their literary works. In this research I investigated, by using the philological method, this aspect of the literary creation which has not been examined enough so far, particularly in the main works of epic and tragedy.The results of my research can be classified into three categories: 1.comparative study of the Homeric poems and modern oral epic songs; 2.important parts played by folklore in the formation and development of Homer's biography; 3.very interesting influence of folktales on Sophocles' "Oedipus Tyrannus" and "Oedipus Coloneus". Above all, I demonstrated that the two Sophoclean versions of the Oedipus legend had been created from his deep understanding of the folktale of "Enfant fatal" and I am sure that this result will be estimated as an important original contribution to the classical studies.