Study on the effect of acid snow and rain on the ecosystem and structure

酸化土壤的pH值和溶解元素的评价在日本，酸雨对土壤的影响还没有得到很大程度的认识，尽管新泻县的雨雪pH值平均为4.6。由于这一地区的大部分雨雪被认为是酸性的，它肯定会对该地区的土壤产生影响。通过测定土壤pH值和土壤中溶解元素的化学分析，研究了新泻县主要采集地土壤的现状。注意土壤的酸化程度，即进行酸化的程度。这项实验研究的结果是，土壤已经变得轻微酸化，而影响树根的铝和锰在未酸化的土壤中只有轻微的溶解，而它们很容易从酸化的土壤中溶解。粒状雪和球状冰中酸性离子的淋溶现象在Freez…野外虽然分离较多，但很少有关于通过从溶液中形成冰球并将其融化来分离溶质的研究。为了提高硫酸盐离子从冰中的洗脱能力，考察了含硫酸盐水形成的球体，并进行了熔融实验。首先，将含有硫酸盐离子的冰球填充在柱中并融化，然后测量排出的出水中硫酸盐离子的浓度。冰球是用两种不同的方法形成的。在第一种方法中，使用具有直径18.0 mm的球形孔的塑料模具。将模具冷藏12h，以形成球形冰晶。另一种方法是通过控制在-30℃左右的制冷剂形成溶液的下落液滴，并快速冻结它们。用这种方法形成的冰球的平均直径为3.5毫米。其次，在充满有机溶剂的玻璃容器中，从表面到中心熔化包括硫酸盐在内的冰球，测量熔化过程中硫酸盐浓度的变化，估计硫酸盐在冰球中的分布。在本实验中，直径为18.0 mm的冰球被融化。较少

Evaluation of Acidified Soils in Terms of pH and Dissolved ElementsThe influence of acid rain on soils has not been largely recognized in Japan, though the pH of the rain and snow falling in Niigata Prefecture has been found to be 4.6 on average. Since most of the rain and snow in this area is considered 'acidic', it must have an effect on the area's soils. In this study, the present state of soils gathered from mainly Niigata Prefecture was examined by the measurement of pH and the chemical analysis of dissolved elements from the soils. Attention was paid to the degree of soils acidification, i. e., the degree in which acidification has proceeded. As a result of this experimental study, it was determined that soil had become slightly acidified, and aluminum and manganese, which effect tree roots, dissolve only slightly out of non-acidified soils, while they dissolve easily out of acidified soils.Elution Phenomena of Acidic Ions from Granular Snow and Spherical IceIn the field of freez … More e separation, there have been few studies regarding the separation of solutes by forming ice spheres from the solution and melting them. In order to enhance the elution of sulfate ions from ice, spheres formed of sulfate-containing water were examined, and melting experiments were performed. First, ice spheres containing sulfate ions were packed in a column and melted, the concentration of sulfate ions in the drained effluent was then measured. The ice spheres were formed using two different methods. In the first method, a plastic mold having spherical holes of 18.0 mm diameter was used. The mold was refrigerated for 12 h in order to form spherical ice crystals. The other method involved the formation of falling droplets of the solution through a refrigerant controlled at about -30℃ and rapidly freezing them. The ice spheres formed in this way had an average diameter of 3.5 mm. Second, the ice spheres including sulfate were melted from the surface to the center in a glass vessel filled with an organic solvent and the change in the concentration of sulfate due to the melting was measured and the sulfate distribution in the sphere was estimated. In this experiment, the ice spheres having a diameter of 18.0 mm were melted. Less