Comparative Sociological Study on Watershed Local Society

本研究由两部分组成：河流社会制度研究和三江比较研究，河流社会制度一方面由法律制度构成，另一方面又由传统社会制度构成。1896年制定的《河法》具有中央集权性质。根据这项法律，公开性由中央政府占据。但是，根据法律，每个社区(Mura)控制稻田用水的传统社区制度仍在继续。国家赋予每个社区传统统治的皇权合法性。二战后，“结构改善工程”改善了稻田条件，使传统的社区灌溉系统变得不必要。最终完成了集中治水制度，但在这种集中制度下，水环境变得有价值了，同时人们对水环境的兴趣也不大。因此，目前，为了更好的水环境，我们需要分散式的系统。其次，我们对Iwaki河、长原河、Srakawa河进行了研究。我们对这些流域社区进行了问卷调查。从这次调查中可以看出，河流周围的人们现在对河流环境很感兴趣，他们希望当局能让河流环境变得更好。

This Research constitutes two parts of research: social institution on the river and comparative studies of three river.Social institution on the river is made of, in the one side, law system, and in the another side, traditional social system. The river Law which was established in 1896 had the centralized character. Under that law, the publicness was occupied by the central government. But, under the law, Traditional community system by which each community ( Mura ) had controlled water for rice field had continued. The nation had gave each community traditional rule regal legitimacy.After WW II, "the Structural Improvement Project",which improve the conditions of rice field and made irrigation system made the traditional community system unnecessary. At last, the centralized system for control of water was completed.But, under this the centralized system, the water environment had become worth, and at the same time, people had little interest in water environment. So, at the present, we need decentralized system for better water environmentSecond, we made research on Iwaki River, Nagara River, Srakawa River. We conduct questionnaire survey in these river-shed communities. From that survey, it makes clear that people around river now have interest in river environment and they expect the authority to make the river environment better.