The Critical Factors of the Vote Action in Japan and the U.S..

本研究主要通过信任和保证等社会心理因素对日本和美国的投票行为进行研究。投票行为是一种群体行为。然而，如果每个选举人都是自私的，那么选举人就没有动机去投票。另一方面，近年来在政治参与理论中的社会资本研究和社会心理学中的信任研究领域，对群体行为中人们进行合作行为的逻辑进行了探讨。特别是山岸（1998）从社会心理学的角度进行的研究，在比较日美关系时，将日本社会定性为保证型社会，将美国社会定性为信任型社会。社会。在日本社会，人们更希望采取合作行动，因为他们认为从他们的关系中获得利益是重要的。相反，在美国社会，他们可以更多地信任他人，他们更有可能采取合作行动。如果我们将这一论点应用于投票行为的研究，我们预计当日本人看到承诺关系的利益时，他们会采取投票行为。尽管在美国，我们看到人们在信任别人的情况下不会投票。为了验证这一发现，我们利用日本JES和美国GSS的数据对上述差异进行了实证分析。组织隶属关系被认为是人们对社会中一般其他人产生信任感的场所。我们分析了组织隶属关系影响投票行为的机制，发现在日本社会较为稳定的承诺关系环境中，如生活在年数较长的小规模城镇，选民投票率较高。在组织隶属关系方面，与某一候选人有特定承诺关系的农业、林业、渔业等组织的成员倾向于投票。我们还发现，另一方面，在美国社会中，对他人的信任一般与投票行为有关。在被试居住的城镇里，我们无法观察到任何与规模有关的东西，也无法观察到与寿命有关的东西。最后，我们发现在某些类型的组织中，组织隶属关系通过对一般他人的信任影响投票行为的模式，并证实了我们的结果支持社会资本的论点。少

This research focuses on vote action in Japan and the United States through social psychological factors such as trust and assurance. Vote action is a group behavior. However, if each elector is selfish, there is no incentive for the elector to vote. On the other hand, in the field of study on social capital in political participation theory as well as on trust in social psychology, they discuss about logics with which people perform cooperative action in a group behavior in recent years. Especially the research conducted from social psychological aspects by Yamagishi (1998) characterizes the Japanese society as assurance-based society and the American society as trust-based society when he compares Japan-U.S. societies. In Japanese society, people are more expected to take cooperation action because they consider profit from their relationship as important. On the contrary, in the American society where they can trust on others more, they are more likely to take cooperative action. If … More we apply this argument to study on vote action, we expect that when people in Japan see the profit from the commitment relationship, they take vote action. Although in the US, we see people don't vote in such case when they trust on others. In order to verify this finding, we have conducted empirical analyses on the difference mentioned above with data from JES in Japan and GSS in the United States. Organizational affiliation is considered as a venue where people produce feeling of trust to general others in society. We have analyzed the mechanism of the organizational affiliation affecting vote action and have found that, in more stable commitment relationship environment in Japanese societysuch as living in small scale town with long year, voters' turnout was high. Also about organizational affiliation, peoplewho belong to the organizations such as agricultural, forestry, and fishery organizations in specific commitment relationship with a certain candidate tend to vote. We have also found that, on the other hand, in the American society, the trust to others in general related vote action. We cannot observe anything related to scale in town where subjects live nor to living years. Finally, we have found the patterns that organization affiliation influences a vote action through the trust to the general others in some kinds of organizations and confirmed our results supports the argument over social capital. Less