The making and reception of Ancrene Wisse

Ancrene Wisse（《女传教士指南》）最初写于13世纪，有英语、法语和拉丁语版本，有17份手稿见证。这部作品最初是用英语创作的。仔细研究伦敦大英图书馆，MS.Vitellius F vii，一份包含Ancrene Wisse法语文本的手稿，发现它应该更接近E. J.多布森在1976年构建的文本关系的词干。古地理证据表明，这份法文手稿写于14世纪初，但文本似乎是一个相当接近的翻译，一个良好的早期文本的英文版本。我们还知道，Vitellius（或其样本）的法语文本是用某种形式的pecia系统制作的，通过这种系统，从一个样本同时制作多个副本，因此我们可以推断抄写员试图匆忙完成法语文本或制作许多副本。这些事实似乎表明，在相当早期的阶段，法文译本的需求量很大，在追查15世纪维特利乌斯手稿的一个拥有者的家庭时，我发现法文文本很可能与威格莫尔的一个盎格鲁-诺曼家庭有着密切的联系，据说原作就是在那里完成的。这似乎也表明Ancrene Wisse被翻译成法语相当早，可能是在英文原版写好之后立即翻译的。我主要在大英图书馆和剑桥大学图书馆进行了研究。我获得了我的研究所需的手稿和复印材料的缩微胶片，以便我可以继续在日本工作。在英国期间，我有各种机会与来自世界各地的许多学者进行讨论。由于他们的贡献，我得以编辑和出版下文第11节提到的三本书。

Ancrene Wisse (‘a guide for anchoresses'), originally written in the thirteenth century, survives in English, French, and Latin versions and is attested in seventeen manuscript witnesses. The work was originally composed in English. A close examination of London, British Library, MS.Vitellius F vii, a manuscript which contains a French text of Ancrene Wisse, has revealed that it should stand much closer to the earliest English text in the stemma of textual relationships which E.J.Dobson constructed in 1976. Palaeographical evidence has shown that this French manuscript was written in the early fourteenth century but the text appears to be a rather close translation of a good early text of the English version. We also know that the French text of Vitellius (or its exemplar) was produced with some form of pecia system, by which multiple copies are made simultaneously from a single exemplar, so that we can deduce that the scribe(s) tried to finish writing the French text in a hurry or to make many copies. These facts seem to indicate that the French translation was in great demand at a quite early stage.While tracing the family of a fifteenth-century owner of the Vitellius manuscript, I found it very likely that the French text had had a close connection with an Anglo-Norman family of Wigmore where the original is said to have been composed. This also seems to show that Ancrene Wisse was translated into French quite early, probably, immediately after the English original was written.I have conducted research mainly in British Library and Cambridge University Library. I obtained microfilms of manuscripts and photocopied materials necessary for my research so that I could continue to work in Japan. While I stayed in England, I had various opportunities to have discussions with many scholars from all over the world. Thanks to their contributions, I was able to edit and publish three books mentioned under section 11 below.