International Law Regulation of Terrorism

2001年9月11日的恐怖袭击呈现了国际恐怖主义和大规模杀伤性的现代现象。本研究旨在探讨预防、打击和惩治恐怖主义行为的国际法体系和机制。恐怖主义历史悠久，自1789年法国大革命以来，恐怖行为一直在政治背景下发生。本研究试图从国际法，特别是国际人道主义法和国际刑法的角度来探讨恐怖主义行为。首先，考虑到一些国际公约和几个国家的法律，如法国刑法和美国爱国法，恐怖主义的法律定义是一个难题。其次，从法律角度分析了9·11事件以来美国的“反恐战争”政策，认为国际人道主义法不适用于阿富汗战争和伊拉克战争中的交战或恐怖行为。对关塔那摩集中营塔利班/基地组织被拘留者以及伊拉克战争中自杀炸弹手的待遇或地位等问题进行了分析。这些被拘留者可能会在国家法庭或国际法庭受到起诉。最后，必须从国际安全以及国际人道主义权利和人道的角度来考虑21世纪国际规则的发展。

The terrorist attacks of September 11th, 2001 has presented the modern phenomena of international terrorism as well as of mass destruction. This research has the purpose to consider international law system and mechanism to prevent, suppress and punish such acts of terrorism.The terrorism has a long history and acts of terrors have occurred in political contexts since the period of the French Revolution of 1789. This research has tried to approach to the acts of terrorism from the view-point of international law, especially international humanitarian law and international criminal law.First, the difficult question of legal definition of terrorism has been considered, taking into account a number of international conventions and several national laws such as French penal law and the U.S.patriotic law. The lists of terrorist groups and state terrorism have been into consideration.Second, the policy "war on terror" of the U.S. since the september 11 has been analysed from the legal view-point, it is considered whether pr not international humanitarian law is applicable to the belligerent or terrorist acts in Afghanistan war and Iraqi war. The question such as the treatment or status of Taliban/A1-Qaeda detainees in Guantanamo camp as well as that of the suicide-bombers in Iraqi war has been analysed. Such detainees may be prosecuted in national tribunals or international court.Finally, the developpement of international regulations in 21st century must be considered in the context of international security and of international humanitarian rights and humanity.