Development and Islam in Modern Iran

第一次世界大战爆发时，伊朗北部由俄罗斯控制，俄罗斯军队在战前入侵了伊朗。例如，在阿塞拜疆省，俄罗斯人任命官员，并将税款存入俄罗斯银行。在吉兰省，有大批俄国农民涌入。另一方面，英国没有入侵伊朗。在伊斯法罕市，有一场权力斗争，这场权力斗争表面上是省长（巴赫蒂亚里部落）和前省长（卡扎尔王室）之间的斗争。但是欧洲列强在幕后操纵着这件事。换句话说，当时的国际关系反映在伊斯法罕市。1915年初，大约200名德国特工潜入伊朗。他们的行动在整个战争期间给英国造成了许多麻烦。战争开始时，英国向美索不达米亚派遣了一支小部队，以保卫伊朗的油田。德国在伊朗的目标是到达阿富汗。英国和俄罗斯理所当然地设置了警戒线。一些德国特工突破了防线，到达了阿富汗，但他们无法撼动大英帝国。

At the outbreak of the First World War, the northern part of Iran was controlled by Russia whose troops had invaded Iran before the war. For example in Azerbaijan province, the Russians appointed the officials and the taxes were paid into a Russian bank. In the Gilan province, there was an inflow of Russian peasants.On the other hand, Britain did not invade Iran.In the Esfahan city, there was a power struggle This power struggle was between the provincial governor (Bakhtiyari tribe) and the ex-governor (Qajar royal family) at its surface. But the European Great Powers were pulling the strings behind the scenes in this case. In other words, the international relations at the time were reflected in the Esfahan city.At the beginning of 1915, some 200 German agents infiltrated Iran. Their maneuver caused Britain a great deal of trouble throughout the war.At the beginning of the war, Britain dispatched a small unit to Mesopotamia in order to defend the oil field of Iran.The aim of Germany in Iran was to reach Afghanistan. As a matter of course, Britain and Russia posted a cordon. Some German agents broke through the defenses and reached Afghanistan, but they could not shock the British Empire.