Biomechanical Research on Pediatric Restraint Methodology in Vehicle Impact

有各种类型的儿童约束系统（CRS），如五点安全带，冲击盾牌和儿童背心。在该法规中，儿童假人用于评估CRS性能。然而，假人的胸腔或骨盆的形状和特征与人体不同。因此，很难使用碰撞假人详细评估由于约束压迫造成的胸部或腹部损伤。本研究以3岁（3YO）儿童假人为研究对象，采用全人安全模型（Total Human Model for Safety，THUMS）AM50人体有限元模型为基础，建立了3岁（3YO）儿童人体有限元模型，并根据3YO儿童假人认证试验的要求对模型进行了验证。摆锤撞击胸部。人体FE模型的力有一个平台区，更接近于从AM50尸体反应缩放的走廊。进行了腰椎屈曲试验，躯干屈曲45 °时，力为160 kN，也符合要求。该模型满足Hybrid III碰撞假人胸部冲击和腰椎屈曲的要求，采用带有屏蔽型CRS的人体有限元模型模拟ECE R44雪橇试验，并与Hybrid III试验结果进行比较。Hybrid III躯干在腰椎处弯曲，因为其具有无关节的僵硬胸椎箱。对于人体FE模型，整个胸腔围绕冲击防护罩弯曲。结果表明，有限元模型可以显示更多的人类一样的行为比混合III。各种CRS引起的潜在损伤可通过人体有限元模型进行评估。

There are various types of child restraint systems (CRS) such as five point harness, impact shield and child vest. In the regulation, child dummies are used to evaluate CRS performance. However, the shapes and characteristics of the rib cage or pelvis of dummies are different from those of the human body. Therefore, the injuries to the thorax or abdomen due to compression from restraints are difficult to evaluate in detail using crash dummies. In the present research, a 3-year-old (3YO) child human finite element (FE) model has been developed by scaling from a Total Human Model for Safety (THUMS) AM50 human FE model.The child human FE model was validated based on the requirements of 3YO child dummy certification tests. The pendulum was impacted against the thorax. The force of the human FE model has a plateau area, which is closer to the corridor scaled from AM50 cadaver responses. Lumbar spine flexion test was performed, and the force was 160 kN at 45 degree torso flexion angle, which also satisfied the requirement. The model met the requirements of thorax impact and lumbar spine flexion of a Hybrid III crash dummy.An ECE R44 sled test was simulated using the human FE model with shield-type CRS, and results were compared to the test using Hybrid III. The Hybrid III torso flexed at the lumbar spine since it has a stiff thorax spine box without joints. For the human FE model, the whole thorax flexed around the impact shield. The results demonstrated that the FE model can show more human-like behavior than Hybrid III. Potential injuries due to various CRS can be evaluated by the human FE model.