Historic Study on Urban Space and Sosiety in Trading City under Management Trade in Japan

本研究的目的是在日本城市历史中定位以港口城市为代表的中世纪贸易城市，它与管理贸易相对应，与早期现代贸易城市，如与市场贸易相对应的再田镇相对应。为此，我借助历史地图、文献资料和发掘调查，通过对具体形象尚不明确的中世纪商贸城和处于管理贸易之下、与市场贸易相对应的早期现代商贸城的空间和社会结构进行对比，明确了商贸城的空间和社会形态。试图建构新的视角，以把握中世纪的城市形象。研究报告(1)通过考察早期现代城市的形成和发展过程，明确了早期现代港口的形成在从中世纪的管理贸易社会向市场贸易相对应的早期现代社会转变的过程中发挥了重要作用。其次，通过城堡城镇的建设，促使多极分散的中世纪社会向一元论的早期现代社会转变。研究报告(2)明确指出，外贸城的空间以日本海域发展起来的商贸城为材料，实现了由管理贸易向市场贸易的转变，实现了由码头沿岸线广泛开放的横向城镇型城镇比例向码头由港口主体经营的纵向城镇型城镇比例的转变。研究报告(3)以濑户内海沿岸、碧洼湖岸和太平洋沿岸开发的港口为材料，明确了近代港口规划同质化的空间与丰臣政府推动由管理贸易向市场贸易转变的城市政策形成的社会，探讨了城市空间沿海岸线开发的日本式港口的形成过程。研究报告的形成过程(4)明确早期现代城堡城镇和城市空间的转换过程的早期现代港口城市对应的中世纪城镇的发展城市丰臣秀吉行政政策和贸易政策,拿起琵琶湖畔城市,丰臣秀吉的城堡和城镇Nagahama早期现代港口城市大津Maibara作为材料,已含铅转换从中世纪社会早期的现代社会。少

The aim of this research is to locate in the Japanese city history the medieval trade city which is represented in the port town as the city where it corresponds to management trade vis-a-vis early modern trade city such as zaikata town which corresponds to market trade. For this purpose I made clear the spatial and social form of trade city, through the comparison to the spatial and social structure of the medieval trade city where the concrete image had not become clear, the early modern trade city which was placed under management trade and which corresponds to market trade, depending upon historical map, literature material and excavation investigation. It tries to construct the new point of view in order to grasp the city image of the medieval period.Research report (1) made clear that the formation of the early modern port played important role at the time of converting from the medieval society under management trading to the early modern society which corresponds to market trad … More e, with construction of castle town which urged the conversion to monistic early modern society from multipolar dispersed medieval society, by viewing the process of formation and development of the early modern city.Research report (2) made clear that the space of the foreign trade city accomplishes conversion to the lateral town type town percentage where the wharf was widely opened alongside the shoreline, from the vertical town type town percentage where the wharf was managed by the harbor dominant person, with the trade city which was developed in the Japanese sea area as a material, attendant upon the conversion to market trade from management trade.Research report (3) made clear that the space of the modern times port which plans homogeneity with the city policy of the Toyotomi administration which urges the conversion to market trade from management trade and that society is formed, with the port which was developed along the Seto inland sea, the Biwa lakeshore and in the Pacific Ocean as a material, concerning the formation process of the Japanese type port which the city space developd alongside the shoreline.Research report (4) made clear the formation process of the early modern castle town and the conversion process of the city space to the early modern port town from the medieval port town with correspond to the development of city policy and trade policy of Toyotomi administration, picking up the Biwa lakeshore city, Hideyoshi's castle town Nagahama and early modern port town Otsu and Maibara as a material, which had leaded the conversion to early modern society from medieval society. Less