The effects of dispersal on the evolution of resource use and species diversity : a test using theoretical predictions and island communities.

为了验证生态位划分实际上会影响物种多样性的假设，我们需要证明资源在空间上是异质性的，物种使用不同的资源，资源分布模式决定了物种丰度模式。然而，没有研究表明这三种情况。在这项研究中，我们通过检查物种多样性和岛屿蝴蝶群落及其食物植物的多样性来检验这一假设。2004年和2005年在5个岛屿和2个大陆调查了蝴蝶群落的物种多样性。粮食计划的生物量是通过实地研究和使用地理信息系统上的航空照片进行估计的。每个岛有27~36种，鉴定出66种食用植物。为了衡量群落间物种多样性和食用植物分布的差异性，我们用奥德姆百分差值作为差异性指数。对于食用植物多样性和群落间距离对物种多样性的影响，采用了Manthel检验的可拓方法。结果表明，蝴蝶物种多样性与植物物种多样性(即资源多样性)显著相关，而与群落间的地理距离无关。哈勃的中性理论认为，物种多样性是由群落间的随机生态漂移和扩散决定的。因此，理论可以预测群落间物种多样性格局的差异应该与群落之间的空间距离有关。以前的研究表明，在一些群落中，物种使用不同的资源。然而，我们的研究首次表明，资源丰富的分布显著决定了物种多样性格局。

To test the hypothesis that niche partitioning can actually affect species diversity, we need to show that the resources are spatially heterogeneous, species use different resources and the resource distribution patter determines the species abundance pattern. However, there is no study showing these three conditions. In this study, we test the hypothesis by examining species diversity and island butterfly communities and their food plants diversity. Species diversity of butterfly comminutes was investigated for 5 islands and 2 mainlands in 2004 and 2005. The biomasses of the food plans were estimated by field research and using an aerial photograph on GIS. 27 to 36 species were found in each island, and 66 food plant species were identified. To measure the dissimilarity in species diversity and food plant distributions between communities, we used Odum's percentage difference as dissimilarity index. For the effects of food plant diversity and distance between communities on species diversity, the extension method to Manthel test was used. The results showed that butterfly species diversity was significantly related to plant species diversity (i.e., resource diversity), but was not related to geographic distances between communities. Hubble' neutral theories suggested that species diversity is determined random ecological drift and dispersal between communities. Thus, the theories can predict that dissimilarity of species diversity pattern between the communities should be related spatial distance between them. Previous studies have shown that in some communities, species used different resources. However, our studies first showed that resource abundant distribution significantly determine species diversity pattern.