The methods for correction of economic gap between domestic areas and for optimum local management for environmental improvement

2005年9月17日至10月1日，我们对宁夏进行了调查，访问了南部山区的农村和自治区及地方政府机构。12月10日至11日，我们在松江市举办了“东亚社会发展与环境协调”国际研讨会。该研究计划与其他两个小组一起总结研究结果，聚集了300多名参与者。以下是我们通过研究发现的结果。1）宁夏南部山区是中国最贫困的地区之一。通过对实施“退耕还林（草）绿色政策”、“封山禁牧”等生态建设政策的那些村庄的实地走访和定点观察，调查农户家庭的社会经济变化情况，收集数据。人口外流到邻近的地方城市，使农民对未来感到不安。这是环境政策对农村地区社会经济结构产生强烈影响的典型案例。3）我们还发现了一些农业生产在集团或品牌营销中的例子，这将是农村地区可持续发展的典范。地方城市的“朝阳产业”保持了较高的发展速度，是利用地方资源进行本土化发展的最佳模式。5）在日本，通过市町村和地方财政的改革，农村地区的形势变得严峻，但通过我们的地方调查，发现了在欠发达地区可以采取小规模农村的一般方法。

In 2005, our survey of Ningxia was practiced from 17th Sep. to 1st Oct. We visited farm villages in southern mountainous area and Autonomous and local governmental body. And on 10-11th Dec., we held international symposium on "Harmonizing social development and environment in eastern Asia" in Matsue city. Which was planned to sum up the results of the study with other two groups and was gathering over 300 participants.Following are the results we found through our study.1)Southern mountainous area in Ningxia is one of the poorest area in China. Visiting to the villages where practicing ecological improvement policy like "Grain for green policy", "Enclosing mountain for no grazing" and our fixed point observation, we surveyed farmer family's social and economic changes and collected data.2)As the result of the survey, ecological improvement policies had effected to promote finding non-agriculture job, flowing out population to neighboring local city and giving farmer uneasiness about future. This is the typical case that environmental policy has strong impact to social-economic structure in rural area.3)Also we find out some examples of agriculture production in group or brand marketing, that will be model examples for sustainable promotion of rural areas.4)There is a problem to enlarge job opportunities in local city for flowing out rural populations. The "Sun-rising" industry in local city, which keep higher rate of development, is best model of indigenous development using local resources.5)In Japan, there become severe situations in rural area by reforming municipalities and local finance, but we found general method that can adopt small-size rural village in less favored area by our local survey.