Investigation into Actual Conditions of Emission of Fossil Fuel Combustion on the Middle Latitudes of the World for Environmental Preservation

世界上中纬度地区的许多城市都存在着悬浮颗粒物、氮氧化物、光化学氧化剂等环境污染问题。污染是由于他们的经济活动和人口众多而造成的污染物排放。大多数环境污染主要是由化石燃料燃烧造成的。因此，我们选择了世界中纬度地区的典型城市德岛和布加勒斯特作为研究对象，重点研究了这两个城市的化石燃料燃烧排放。首先，我们调查了大气颗粒物中重金属对大气的污染，结果，标准物质中约有41种元素可以测定。根据分析结果估算了多痕量至超痕量元素的分数分配因子和富集因子。布加勒斯特铅的富集系数（EF）高于日本，这是由于铅的使用 ...更多信息 汽油此外，布加勒斯特的Cu、Cd和Ag的富集系数均高于德岛。本研究还开发了以贵金属氧化物为原料制备的催化剂，用于去除NOx和颗粒物。为了净化受污染的水环境，我们研究了一种从水环境样品中回收重金属的方法。重金属的回收方法包括使用离子液体的液体萃取。它们具有低环境负荷的优良特性，完全提取过程。在这项研究中，使用离子液体含有螯合剂提取重金属的水样品进行了研究。以喹啉为螯合剂，采用离子液体液/液萃取法萃取重金属离子。随着喹啉浓度的增加，离子液体对Cu、Zn、Cd、Mn的萃取率增加。这些元素可以定量提取的8HQ浓度为2000毫克I-1和更高，虽然Cr（VI）几乎没有提取。此外，所有离子液体的萃取行为显示出类似的趋势，即通过该萃取方法获得的萃取效率强烈地依赖于金属离子对8HQ配体的螯合能力。少

Lots of cities in the middle latitudes of the world often have some environmental problems of pollution such as suspended particle matters, NOx, and photochemical oxidant. The pollution is caused by emission of pollutant due to their high economic activities and large population. Most of the environmental pollution has mainly been caused by fossil fuel combustion. Therefore, we focused on the research for the emission of fossil fuel combustion at Tokushima and Bucharest which were selected as the typical cities in the middle latitudes of the world. First, we investigated the atmospheric pollution caused by airborne particulate matter with heavy metals and as a result, about 41 elements in the reference material could be determined. The fractional distribution factors and enrichment factor of analyte elements of major-to-ultratrace elements were estimated from the analytical results. The enrichment factor (EF) of Pb in Bucharest was higher than that in Japan because of the use of leaded … More gasoline. Furthermore, EFs of Cu,Cd and Ag in Bucharest were higher than that in Tokushima. We also developed the catalyst, which was prepared from oxide of noble metals, for removing of NOx and particle matter.We investigated a recovering method of heavy metals from aquatic environmental samples because of cleaning of polluted aquatic environment. The recovering method of heavy metals includes liquid extraction by using ionic liquids. They have excellent features for low environmental load thorough extraction process. In the study, the extraction of heavy metals in aquatic samples using ionic liquid containing a chelator agent was examined. The quinoline was utilized as the chelator to extract heavy metal ions by liquid/liquid extraction with ionic liquids. The extraction efficiencies of Cu,Zn,Cd and Mn increased as the concentration of the quinoline in ionic liquid increased. These elements could be quantitatively extracted at the 8HQ concentration of 2000 mg I-1 and higher, although Cr(VI) was hardly extracted. Furthermore, the extraction behavior with all ionic liquids show similar tendencies that the extraction efficiencies obtained by this extraction method strongly depend on the chelating ability of the metal ions to the 8HQ ligand. Less