Study on the conservation of Tumulus and Cave-effect of water and its protective measures-

古墓和洞穴石室内的环境条件受周围地面湿度状况的影响。为了明确湿度与周围地面含水量的关系，研究了湿度特征曲线。同时，我们还研究了在墓室的复原过程中，为减少墓室内的生物活动而对墓室伤口进行冷却的方法，以达到减少对壁画的物理影响的目的。主要研究结果如下：1）对高松冢周围的小气候进行了观测，包括降雨量、气温和土墩内的水分分布。为了对土堆中的水分状况进行模拟研究，通过实验获得了保水曲线。结果表明，当周围土壤含水量大于10%时，平衡湿度为100%。2）采用热探针法测定了石堆的导热系数。我们用不同的方法模拟研究了土墩冷却过程中的温度变化。并进行了地下冷却的模型试验。这些结果为评价合适的冷却方式提供了基础数据。3）开发了模拟程序，预测了其石室在冷却过程中的温度和湿度变化。并研究了利用该方法保持石室周围高湿低温的方法。

Environmental conditions inside the stone chamber of tumulus and cave are influenced by the moisture regime of the surrounding ground. In order to clarify the relationship between the humidity and the moisture content of the surrounding ground, moisture characteristic curve was studied. We also studied the cooling method of the tumulus wound in order to reduce the biological activities inside the stone chamber during the dismantlement of its stone chamber for the purpose of reducing physical effects on the mural paintings. The obtained results are as follows :1) We performed microclimate observation around Takamatsuzuka Tumulus, such as rain fall, air temperature and water content profiles in the mound. To perform simulation studies of the moisture regime in the mound, the moisture retention curve was obtained by the experiments. The obtained results showed that the equilibrium humidity is 100% when the water content of the surrounding soil is more than 10%. This corresponded well with the measured humidity inside the stone chamber.2) The thermal conductivity of the mound was obtained with thermal probe method. We performed simulation studies of the temperature changes during the cooling of the mound by various method. We also carried out model experiments of the ground cooling with cooling pipes. These results gave basic data for the evaluation of suitable cooling method of the tumulus mound.3) We developed simulation program to predict temperature and humidity changes during the dismantlement of its stone chamber. We also studied the method to keep high humidity and low temperature around the stone chamber with this method.