Analysis of adaptive genes in allogamous and autogamous plant populations

以荞麦为模式植物，探讨其生态分化机制。作为试图寻找光周期反应基因区域的结果，确认了FeFKF 1、FeLHY、FeGI、FeELF 3、FeCO和FeFT总共6个同源基因区域。此外，QTL分析还定位了与光周期反应相关的区域。通过对秋、夏两种类型水稻叶片的光周期反应的研究，发现秋、夏两种类型水稻叶片的FeLHY、FeGI和FeELF基因的遗传多样性存在差异。此外，在FeLHY、FeGI和FeELF3基因区域引起选择。关于荞麦光周期反应的生态分化机制，推测是在夏季长日照条件下实现秋季型的潜在遗传变异后，向光周期反应水平降低的方向进行选择，从而分化出夏季型。为了研究报春花（Primula sieboldii）适应性性状在居群内和居群间的遗传变异，对日本几个居群的报春花砧木进行了普通圃试验。群体间的表型分化（QST）显著大于中性分子标记的遗传分化（FST）。这些表型可能与适应有关。野生居群的现蕾期多样性不能用两个现蕾期基因座检测到的等位基因来评价。在花柱异长方面，在长花柱和短花柱中分别检测到两个或两个以上的等位基因。可以说，可以通过这些等位基因来区分花柱异型。

We tried to presume the mechanism of the ecological differentiation of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Monch) as a model of outcrossing plant species. Six homology gene areas of FeFKF1, FeLHY, FeGI, FeELF3, FeCO, and FeFT in total were confirmed as a result of trying the search for the photoperiodic response gene area. Moreover, the area that related to the photoperiodic response was mapped as a result of the QTL analysis. The genetic diversity was different between the autumn and the summer type in the three genes of FeLHY, FeGI, and FeELF as a result of surveying these areas and the relations to the photoperiodic response. Moreover, the selection was caused in FeLHY, FeGI, and the FeELF3 gene area. As for the mechanism of the ecological differentiation in buckwheat photoperiodic response, it was presumed that the selection in the direction where a photoperiodic response level lowered after actualizing a potential genetic variation of the autumn type under the long day condition in summer, and the summer type had differentiated. To evaluate the genetic variation of adaptive characters of primrose (Primula sieboldii) within and among populations, we tried to do common garden experiment for the stocks originated from several populations in Japan. The differentiation among populations of the phenotype (QST) was remarkably larger than the genetic differentiation of neutral molecular markers (FST). It was suggested that these phenotypes related to the adaptation. The diversity of the budding date of a wild population was not able to be evaluated by allele detected with two loci concerning the budding date. However, For heterostyly, two or more loci showed a peculiar allele in the long-styled flower and the short-styled flower respectively were detected. It can be said that the heterostyly can be distinguished by these allele.