The Amurland Culture and Formation of Material Culture of the Ainu-A Study in Linguistics, Ecological Anthropology

该项目是基于1995年至2001年在俄罗斯六个博物馆进行的阿伊努人物质文化项目调查的基础上进行的广泛研究。特别是库页岛阿伊努人的文化，随着它变得越来越明显，如果不考虑到他们在阿穆兰的邻居，即库页岛和阿穆尔河流域的土著人的文化，就无法理解。项目小组在阿穆尔河沿岸的Bulava（乌尔齐）、Naikhin（纳奈）、Kondon（纳奈）和主要地区的Krasnyj Yar（Udekhe）村进行了实地调查。在不同语言的土著居民中，我们可以获得他们的传统物质文化（服装，木材弯曲，篮子制作，烹饪等），民间传说和语言资料的信息。在对阿穆兰进行实地调查的同时，还与该地区的一些专家一起对彼得堡博物馆的藏品进行了联合调查。并对欧洲阿穆兰人的民族学收藏进行了调查研究。当地居民共同的生态条件、婚姻、贸易等密切交往支撑了“阿穆兰文化”的形成。在这个框架下，可以更有效地讨论每一种地方文化，从而有助于进一步开展日本北部文化的研究。

The project is an extensive study based on the project-survey of the Ainu material culture realized in 1995-2001 in six museums in Russia. The culture of the Sakhalin Ainu, in particular, as it became even more apparent, couldn't be understood without taking in account of the cultures of their neighbors in Amurland, i. e. the natives of the Sakhalin and the Amur River basin.The project team carried out field surveys in the villages Bulava(the Ul'chi), Naikhin(the Nanai), Kondon(the Nanai) along the Amur river, and Krasnyj Yar(the Udekhe) in the Primor Region. Among the natives of different languages we could get information of their traditional material cultures(clothing, wood curving, basket making, cooking etc.), folklore and linguistic data. In parallel with the field survey in the Amurland, a joint work over the collections of the museums in Petersburg was realized with some specialists from the region. And also some investigation was tried with an aim togain information about the collections of ethnology of the Amurland in Europe.The common ecological conditions, close contacts including marriage, trading among the natives of the area support the idea of "Amurland culture". In this framework every local culture may be discussed more effectively, and consequently it may help to develop further study of the cultures in the northern part of Japan.