Ecological Resource Use and Household Strategies in Minority Areas of Myanmar : Towards Wider Regional Comparison

该项目的目的是审查缅甸少数民族地区作为生计单位的家庭的生态资源利用和经济、社会和文化战略。缅甸是一个资源丰富的国家，尽管政治和社会不稳定，但作为一个国家，它的经济一直在经历相当大的资本化。然而，该项目涉及的地区较少参与国家经济，在许多情况下更多地与全球化网络中与邻国的边境经济联系在一起。对这些领域的研究将受益于更广泛的区域和比较视角。这个项目是由来自不同学科的学者进行的，他们要么参与了缅甸研究，要么与分布在缅甸和其他邻国的少数民族一起开展了这一项目。项目成员都是从微观的角度出发，在地面上看生态资源利用的一个…这一项目的结果是，我们首先能够通过收集与人类生计、其社会和文化基础，包括历史材料有关的生态资源使用的基本数据，为更广泛的区域比较奠定基础。其次，通过成员的研究，我们从多学科的角度考察了该地区的生态和社会特征是如何通过他们与边境上邻近地区的关系而发生变化的。在巴果山，从森林生态和林业管理的角度，以及从耕种者和农民参与者的战略角度收集和分析数据。我们还从更大的历史角度考察了钦邦耕种者的社会经济适应情况，通过土地分配和克伦邦的民间习俗实现的世代延续，以及掸族锯齿户采取的适应战略。较少

The purpose of this project was to examine the ecological resource use and, economic, social and cultural strategies of households as units of subsistence activities in minority areas of Myanmar. Myanmar is a country rich in resources, and in spite of political and social instability, it has been experiencing considerable capitalization of its economy as a country. However, the regions with which this project deals, have been less involved in the national economy, and in many cases more connected to border economies with neighboring countries within the globalizing network. Studies of these areas will benefit from a wider regional as well as comparative perspective. This project is carried out by scholars from diverse disciplines who have either been involved in the study of Myanmar, or, with minorities who are distributed both in Myanmar as well as other neighboring countries. Members of the project all started from micro perspectives on the ground to look at ecological resource use a … More nd/or household strategy as a way to understand the larger dynamics of the ecological and social changes in the region.As a result of this project, we have firstly been able to build a foundation towards wider regional comparison, by gathering basic data on the ecological resource use in relation to human livelihood, its social and cultural foundations, including historical material. Secondly, through the research of the members, we have examined how the ecological and social characteristics of the region are undergoing change through their relationship to the neighboring areas across the border, from a multi-disciplinary perspective. In Bago mountains, data were collected and analysed both from the perspective of forest ecology and management of forestry as well as from the strategies of the swidden cultivators and peasant participants in the taungya forestry We have also looked at the socio-economic adaptation of swidden-cultivators in Chin State, the generational continuity through land allocation as well as folk practices in Karen State, and the adaptive strategies taken by Shan saw-bwa households from a larger historical perspective. Less